{"id":11222,"date":"2025-03-19T18:18:04","date_gmt":"2025-03-19T22:18:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/%e5%88%86%e5%bf%83\/"},"modified":"2025-06-10T21:46:38","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T01:46:38","slug":"%e5%88%86%e5%bf%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e5%88%86%e5%bf%83\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5206\u5fc3"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"11222\" class=\"elementor elementor-11222 elementor-5219\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dfb9c5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dfb9c5a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9f56c99\" data-id=\"9f56c99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8f964b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8f964b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><em>&#8220;\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u4e2d\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f9\u517b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6027\u683c\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u5f53\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4f34\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6d3b\u6cfc\u800c\u5bcc\u6709\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u7684\u5174\u8da3&#8221;\u3002  &nbsp;~ \u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a-\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\u6ce8\u610f\u542c\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u4e0b\u8fbe\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u793a&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5348\u9910\u65f6\u548c\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8c08\u8c08&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u5750\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\u90a3\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6765\u505a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7684&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5e0c\u62c9\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u6709\u4eba\u5bf9\u6211\u8bf4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u3002&nbsp; 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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3001\u7231\u597d\u548c\u7279\u957f\uff0c\u5c06\u5927\u5927\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u90a3\u4e9b\u9762\u4e34\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e0d\u96c6\u4e2d\u548c\u5206\u5fc3\u6311\u6218\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u6559\u5e08<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u51cf\u5c11\u89c6\u89c9\u5e72\u6270<\/strong>&#8211;\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u777f\u667a\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u5e08\u66fe\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a&#8221;\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u73af\u5883\u5e94\u8be5\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u88c5\u9970\u7a00\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u8981\u7f8e\u89c2&#8221;\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u6574\u6d01\u7684\u8868\u9762\u80fd\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u66f4\u52a0\u96c6\u4e2d\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u81f4\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u88c5\u9970\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u5899\u58c1\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff08Fisher\uff0c2014 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5c06\u6559\u5ba4\u7684\u4e66\u67b6\u89c6\u4e3a\u5c55\u793a\u67b6\u800c\u975e\u50a8\u85cf\u5ba4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c55\u793a\u67b6\u5e94\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\u90fd\u80fd\u8f7b\u6613\u770b\u5230\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u89c6\u89c9\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u3002\u6e29\u6696\u7684\u706f\u5149\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u6301\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3002\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u843d\u5730\u706f\u548c\u53f0\u706f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u660e\u4eae\u7684\u9876\u706f\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u89c6\u89c9\u5e72\u6270\u3002      <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u51cf\u5c11\u58f0\u97f3\u5e72\u6270<\/strong>&#8211;\u513f\u7ae5\u5bf9\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u66f4\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u6210\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u8f7b\u6613\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u566a\u97f3\uff08Klatte\uff0c2013 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u6559\u5ba4\u5185\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u5730\u6bef\u7b49\u5730\u9762\u8986\u76d6\u7269\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u8212\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6291\u5236\u566a\u97f3\u3002\u5728\u5899\u4e0a\u6302\u4e00\u5e8a\u7b80\u5355\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u88ab\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u73af\u5883\u566a\u97f3\u3002\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5de5\u4f5c\u521b\u9020\u5b89\u9759\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u63d0\u4f9b\u964d\u566a\u8033\u673a\uff0c\u4f9b\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u81ea\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u3002    <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7f8e\u5b66\u5f88\u91cd\u8981<\/strong>&#8211;\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u67d4\u548c\u7684\u84dd\u8272\u548c\u7eff\u8272\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff08Alkozei\uff0c2016\uff1bLee\uff0c2015\uff09\u3002\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u989c\u8272\u7c89\u5237\u5899\u58c1\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u96c6\u4e2d\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3002 <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u53c2\u4e0e<\/strong>&#8211;\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9996\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u56de\u5e94\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7b26\u5408\u4ed6\u4eec\u5174\u8da3\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bb9\u6613\u5206\u5fc3\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8981\u7b80\u77ed\u3001\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u5b9a\u5236\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8ba9\u5206\u5fc3\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6210\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u4e0a\u8bfe\u548c\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u5ea6\u7684\u6674\u96e8\u8868\u3002   &nbsp; 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\u5728\u7ed9\u7f57\u6bd4\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u5802 &#8220;\u91d1\u73e0 &#8220;\u8bfe\u540e\uff0c\u51ef\u5c14\u53d1\u73b0\u7f57\u6bd4\u53ea\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u5f53\u7f57\u6bd4\u62ff\u51fa\u9ec4\u91d1\u73e0\u65f6\uff0c\u51ef\u5c14\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u7f57\u6bd4\u5728\u94fa\u73e0\u5b50\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\uff0c\u53bb\u627e\u670b\u53cb\u770b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u51ef\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f57\u6bd4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u6807\u662f &#8220;\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3&#8221;\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8db3 &#8220;\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u662f\uff1a&#8221;\u6211\u505a\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u4e5f\u6ca1\u7528\u3002    <\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u51ef\u5c14\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u95ee\u7f57\u6bd4\u662f\u5426\u613f\u610f\u4e00\u8d77\u7814\u7a76\u91d1\u73e0\u3002\u7f57\u6bd4\u5174\u594b\u5730\u7b54\u5e94\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u51ef\u5c14\u5728\u6446\u653e\u73e0\u5b50\u65f6\u53ea\u7528\u4e86\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u5341\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u7f57\u6bd4\u80fd\u591f\u4e13\u5fc3\u81f4\u5fd7\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u51ef\u5c14\u5938\u5956\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3002\u7f57\u6bd4\u8138\u4e0a\u6d0b\u6ea2\u7740\u81ea\u8c6a\u7684\u7b11\u5bb9\u3002      <\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u51ef\u5c14\u53c8\u5728\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u51ef\u5c14\u518d\u6b21\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u9f13\u52b1\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u5929\uff0c\u51ef\u5c14\u5728\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u5343\u4f4d\u6570\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u51ef\u5c14\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u9f13\u52b1\u3002  <\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u51ef\u5c14\u786e\u4fe1\u7f57\u6bd4\u80fd\u987a\u5229\u5b8c\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u544a\u8bc9\u4e86\u7f57\u6bd4\u3002&#8221;\u7f57\u6bd4\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6211\u548c\u5b89\u5a1c\u5c31\u5728\u4f60\u65c1\u8fb9\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u62cd\u62cd\u6211\u7684\u80a9\u8180&#8221;\u3002\u7f57\u6bd4\u72ec\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002  <\/p>\n<p>\u51e0\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u7f57\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u62ff\u51fa\u4e86\u91d1\u73e0\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u51ef\u5c14\u4ece\u623f\u95f4\u5bf9\u9762\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6\u62a5\u4ee5\u5fae\u7b11\u3002\u7f57\u6bd4\u56de\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u7b11\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002  <\/p>\n<p>\u51ef\u5c14\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u7f57\u6bd4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u6807\u662f &#8220;\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3&#8221;\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 &#8220;<em>\u5c0f\u6b65<\/em>\u524d\u8fdb&#8221;\/&#8221;\u7b7e\u5230 &#8220;<em>\u548c &#8220;\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u9760\u8fd1\u5de5\u4f5c&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u4f5c<\/em>&#8220;\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7f57\u6bd4\u5e94\u5bf9\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5206\u6563\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Montessori, M. (2017).  <em>\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u4e0e\u5bb6\u957f\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff1a\u7cbe\u9009\u6587\u7ae0\u3002  <\/em>\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u76ae\u5c14\u68ee\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Miller, C., Howard, J. (2024).  <em>\u521b\u4f24\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u7684\u5b69\u5b50  <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/childmind.org\/article\/how-trauma-affects-kids-school\/\">https:\/\/childmind.org\/article\/how-trauma-affects-kids-school\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Alkozei A\u3001Smith R\u3001Pisner DA\u3001Vanuk JR\u3001Berryhill SM\u3001Fridman A\u3001Shane BR\u3001Knight SA\u3001Killgore WD\u3002 (2016).  <em>\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u84dd\u5149\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u529f\u80fd\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002<\/em> 2016 Sep 1;39(9):1671-80.<\/li>\n<li>\u51ef\u7279-E.-\u674e\u3001\u51ef\u745f\u7433-J.H.-\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u65af\u3001\u8389\u838e-D.-\u8428\u91d1\u7279\u3001\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u65af-S.G.-\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u65af\u3001\u51ef\u745f\u7433-A.-\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u3002 (2015).&nbsp;<em>40 \u79d2\u7684\u5c4b\u9876\u7eff\u5316\u666f\u89c2\u53ef\u7ef4\u6301\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff1a\u5fae\u4f11\u606f\u5728\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u6062\u590d\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/em>\u3002&nbsp;<em>\u73af\u5883\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7<\/em><em>.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Fisher, A. V., Godwin, K. E., &amp; Seltman, H. (2014)\u3002<em>\u5e7c\u513f\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u73af\u5883\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5206\u914d\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a<\/em><em>\u5fc3\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\uff0c25<\/em>\uff087\uff09\uff0c1362-1370 \u9875\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Faria S., Weston T., Cepeda, N. (2013)\u3002<em>\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111\u7684\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u548c\u9644\u8fd1\u540c\u4f34\u7684\u8bfe\u5802\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u300a <\/em>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c 62 \u5377\uff0c\u7b2c 24-31 \u9875 <\/li>\n<li>Klatte M, Bergstr\u00f6m K, Lachmann T. (2013).  <em>\u566a\u97f3\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5b66\u4e60\u5417\uff1f\u566a\u58f0\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7b80\u77ed\u56de\u987e   <\/em>Front Psychol. 2013<\/li>\n<li>Rimm-Kaufman, S. (2025).<em>Improving students&#8217; relationships with teachers.<\/em>American Psychological Association.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/education-career\/k12\/relationships\">https:\/\/www.apa.org\/education-career\/k12\/relationships.<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Dreikurs, R., Stoltz, V. (1964).<em>\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u6311\u6218\u300b\u3002 <\/em>Hawthorne Books, p. 36.<\/li>\n<li>Nelsen, J., DeLorenzo, C. (2021)\u3002<em>\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1\u6559\u300b\u3002 <\/em>\u4eb2\u5b50\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0904405 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content\" data-id=\"0904405\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-content.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor elementor-5153\" data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5153\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3becb92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3becb92\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d8c7e8\" data-id=\"1d8c7e8\" 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class=\"elementor-spacer\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u4e2d\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f9\u517b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6027\u683c\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u5f53\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c 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