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400;\">\u867d\u7136\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u548c\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><br><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u51c6\u5907\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6559\u5e08<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 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400;\">\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5efa\u8bae\u90fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u5b66\u548c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u7a0b\u90fd\u529b\u6c42\u9650\u5236\u513f\u7ae5\u4e4b\u5bb6\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e7c\u513f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u719f\u6089\u611f\u3002\u5728 &#8220;\u513f\u7ae5\u4e4b\u5bb6&#8221;\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u8fdb\u6559\u5ba4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u65e2\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u8301\u58ee\u6210\u957f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002  <\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<li><strong>\u53ec\u5f00\u73ed\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae <\/strong>\uff0c<strong>\u5236\u5b9a\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u5e38\u89c4 <\/strong>&#8211;\u9080\u8bf7\u4e13\u5bb6\u53c2\u52a0<em>\u73ed\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae <\/em>\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u8bfe\u5802\u5e38\u89c4\uff0c\u4ee5\u793a\u8303\u6027\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u51c6\u5907\u73af\u5883\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u5b66\u751f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5236\u5b9a\u793e\u533a\u51c6\u5219\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5b88\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51c6\u5219\uff08Freiberg\uff0c1999 \u5e74\uff09\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u53ec\u5f00\u73ed\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u8fc7\u6e21\u8ba1\u5212&#8211; <\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u79bb\u5f00\u6559\u5ba4\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c2\u4e0e\u5236\u5b9a\u8fc7\u6e21\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u8868\u610f\u89c1\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u7fc1\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u3002(Frieberg, 1999\uff09\u3002  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<li><strong>\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0b\u5348\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u65f6\u95f4&#8211; <\/strong>\u5b66\u5e74\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u6bcf\u5468\u7684\u65e5\u7a0b\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u6570\u4e00\u6570\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60ca\u8bb6\u4e8e\u8fc7\u6e21\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u4e4b\u591a\u3002 &nbsp; \u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e0e\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2\u6709\u5173\uff1f\u600e\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba9\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u6210\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u53d7\u76ca\uff1f(\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u6211\u4eec\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684<em>\u8fc7\u6e21 <\/em>\u6587\u7ae0\uff09\u3002  <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u628a\u4e13\u5bb6\u8bf7\u8fdb\u6765 &#8211; <\/strong>\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u4e13\u5bb6\u8d70\u8fdb\u6559\u5ba4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u62c9\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u591a\u6b21\u8fc7\u6e21\uff08\u79bb\u5f00\u6559\u5ba4\u3001\u8fdb\u5165\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u4e0a\u8bfe\u548c\u4e0b\u8bfe\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e13\u5bb6\u914d\u5907\u6eda\u52a8\u63a8\u8f66\u6216\u8bfe\u5185\u50a8\u85cf\u5ba4\uff08\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd9\u662f\u5929\u65b9\u591c\u8c2d\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u6446\u653e\u4e13\u7528\u67b6\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u9f13\u52b1\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6574\u5408\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u3002   <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e3a\u4e13\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0e\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u57f9\u8bad&#8211; <\/strong>\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u4f60\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u5411\u5bfc\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u5417&#8211;\u5373\u4f7f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u80fd\u611f\u89c9\u6709\u6548\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u4ec5\u51ed\u51e0\u6b21\u8c37\u6b4c\u641c\u7d22\u5c31\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e0e\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u539f\u5219\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8ba9\u4e13\u5bb6\u53c2\u52a0\u57f9\u8bad\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5982\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u6982\u8ff0\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6216<em>\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1\u6559<\/em>\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002  <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e0e\u4e3b\u73ed\u6559\u5e08\u5171\u540c\u6388\u8bfe&#8211; <\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e13\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u6388\u8bfe\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u8de8\u8bfe \u7a0b\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u56e0\u540e\u52e4\u969c\u788d\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u5c06\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u60f3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u957f\u671f\u76ee\u6807\u3002 &nbsp;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u6392\u6559\u5e08\u5907\u8bfe\u65f6\u95f4&#8211; <\/strong>\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b89\u6392\u6559\u5e08\u5907\u8bfe\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u7eb8\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9002\u5f97\u5176\u53cd\u3002\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e0b\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u884c\u4e3a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u635f\u5931\u3001\u6270\u4e71\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c06\u8bfe\u524d\u51c6\u5907\u65f6\u95f4\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u4e0b\u5348\u5de5\u4f5c\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u751f\u66f4\u52a0\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u52a9\u6559\u6216\u5171\u540c\u9886\u5bfc\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u7ba1\u7406\u6559\u5ba4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002   <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u8f85\u5bfc\u65f6\u95f4 &#8211; <\/strong>\u4f60\u82b1\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6c9f\u901a\u800c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u8ba9\u4e13\u5bb6\u53c2\u52a0\u5458\u5de5\u4f1a\u8bae\u548c\u7ea7\u522b\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u56e2\u961f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u517c\u804c\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u8865\u507f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u989d\u5916\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u59cb\u7ec8\u5982\u4e00\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u53ef\u786e\u4fdd\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002   <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e1a\u878d\u5165\u8bfe\u5802&#8211; <\/strong>\u4e0e\u4e13\u5bb6\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6750\u6599\u878d\u5165\u73af\u5883&#8211;\u7f8e\u672f\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3001\u4e50\u5668\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u533a\u7b49\u3002\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u95e8\u522b\u7c7b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u3002 <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u53d1\u6325\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u7528 &#8211; <\/strong>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u517c\u804c\u4e13\u5bb6\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u878d\u5165\u5b66\u6821\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u62c5\u4efb\u5176\u4ed6\u517c\u804c\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u4ee3\u8bfe\u8001\u5e08\u3001\u6d41\u52a8\u4eba\u5458\u6216\u884c\u653f\u652f\u6301\u4eba\u5458\u3002  \u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\uff01<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5411\u4e13\u5bb6\u4f20\u6388 <\/strong>\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5\u548c\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1<strong>\u6559\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u5177 &#8211; <\/strong>\u8ba9\u4e13\u5bb6\u53c2\u4e0e\u5168\u6821\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ee5\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5\u548c\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1\u6559\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u8054\u7cfb\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8a\u7d27\u5bc6\u3002 <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e0e\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u5efa\u7acb\u8bfe\u5802\u8d23\u4efb&#8211; <\/strong>\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7-\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eba\u670d\u52a1\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u611f\u89c9\u4e0a\u7684\u8054\u7cfb&#8211;\u793e\u4f1a\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4\u8fd9\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4e86\u3002  (\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\uff0c1938 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e13\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4efd\u81ea\u613f\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u8bfe\u5802\u8d23\u4efb\u6e05\u5355&#8211;\u6e05\u626b\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u3001\u8003\u52e4\u3001\u6574\u7406\u6750\u6599\u3001\u6e05\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u5206\u53d1\u6750\u6599\u3001\u51c6\u5907\u6750\u6599\uff08\u8bfe\u524d\uff09\u3001\u8f85\u5bfc\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u751f\u7b49\u3002 &nbsp;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7d22\u53d6\u7259\u79d1\u8bb0\u5f55&#8211; <\/strong>\u62d9\u52a3\u7684\u5e7d\u9ed8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><br><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u53d1\u80b2\u5e73\u9762\u548c\u7279\u8bad\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><i>\u513f\u7ae5\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff083-6 \u5c81\uff09<\/i>  <\/strong>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u611f\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u559c\u597d\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u513f\u7ae5\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6210\u4eba\u56de\u5e94\u548c\u660e\u786e\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u5e76\u57f9\u517b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u52c7\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u81ea\u4fe1\u5730\u6210\u957f\u3002  <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e26\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u98ce\u683c&#8211;\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u8bed\u6c14\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7684\u671f\u671b&#8211;\u8fdb\u5165\u73af\u5883\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u5728\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u884c\u4e3a\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a&#8221;\u6709\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9&#8221;\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaa\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u6e34\u6c42\u3002  <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><strong>\u5c0f\u5b66\uff086-12 \u5c81\uff09  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400;\">\u5982\u679c\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6216\u652f\u79bb\u7834\u788e\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\u3002\u6559\u5e08\u4e4b\u95f4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u534f\u8c03\u4f1a\u8ba9\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u540c\u4f34\u9886\u5bfc\u548c\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6270\u4e71\u3001\u8131\u79bb\u548c\u8bd5\u63a2\u754c\u9650\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u8c01\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002  <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6ca1\u6709\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u8425\u9020 &#8220;\u6709\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u7531 &#8220;\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u6559\u5e08\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u7ef4\u6301\u79e9\u5e8f\u65b9\u9762\u4e3e\u6b65\u7ef4\u8270\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u652f\u6301\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u884c\u4e3a\u6311\u6218\u538b\u57ae\u3002 <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u9752\u6625\u671f\uff0812-15 \u5c81 \u9752\u6625\u671f\u7684<\/strong>\u5b69\u5b50\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u9a7e\u9a6d\u6210\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u8c03\u8282\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5dee\u5f02&#8211;\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002 <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u867d\u7136\u6210\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u4f9d\u7136\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u540c\u4f34\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0e\u65e5\u4ff1\u589e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53\u52a8\u6001\u5f80\u5f80\u6210\u4e3a\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u89e3\u91ca\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u671f\u671b\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002 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400;\"><strong>\u652f\u6301\u5ba2\u5ea7\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u793e\u533a\u7684\u4f18\u96c5\u548c\u793c\u8c8c\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8bb8\u591a\u4e13\u5bb6\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684&#8211;\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u53cb\u5584\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u88ab\u6559\u5bfc\u5982\u4f55\u9a7e\u9a6d\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u6559\u5ba4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5f53\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u9047\u5230\u4e60\u60ef\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u7b49\u5f85\u4e8b\u540e\u8865\u6551\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5982\u4e3b\u52a8\u51fa\u51fb\uff1a\u65e2\u652f\u6301\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5\uff0c\u53c8\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u529f\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4f18\u96c5\u548c\u793c\u8c8c\u6280\u80fd\u3002  <\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<li><strong>\u6b22\u8fce\u5ba2\u4eba&#8211; <\/strong>\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\u3002\u8981\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u70ed\u60c5\u5730\u95ee\u5019\u4e13\u5bb6&#8211;&#8220;\u65e9\u4e0a\u597d&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u5f88\u9ad8\u5174\u60a8\u80fd\u6765&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u5468\u672b\u8fc7\u5f97\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u7ec3\u4e60\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u793c\u8282\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002   <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5411\u4e13\u5bb6\u81f4\u656c &#8211; <\/strong>\u4e13\u5bb6\u662f\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u5468\u53ea\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5de5\u4f5c\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u5199\u7eb8\u6761\u3002\u9080\u8bf7\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c2\u52a0\u751f\u65e5\u6216\u8bfe\u5802\u5e86\u795d\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6821\u5916\u8868\u6f14\u3001\u6388\u8bfe\u6216\u5c55\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u770b\u770b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u6b21\u73ed\u7ea7\u5b9e\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u5206\u4eab\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u624d\u80fd\u548c\u6587\u5316\u3002     <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8bfe\u793c\u4eea &#8211; <\/strong>\u4e0d\u8981\u5047\u5b9a\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u53c2\u52a0\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8bfe&#8211;\u6559\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u4e0e\u5168\u73ed\u5750\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u96c6\u601d\u5e7f\u76ca\uff1a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8bfe\u4e0a\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\uff1f\u5305\u62ec\u4e3e\u624b\u3001\u7528\u8eab\u4f53\u503e\u542c\u3001\u7b49\u5f85\u8f6e\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u53cb\u597d\u5730\u63d0\u95ee\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u7ecf\u5e38\u793a\u8303\u548c\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002   <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u505a\u5ba2&#8211; 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400;\">\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5bf9\u7279\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u6270\u4e71\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u611f\u5230\u6cae\u4e27\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7279\u957f\u73ed\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7edd\u4f73\u7684\u673a\u4f1a&#8211;\u6559\u6388\u793c\u4eea\u3001\u642d\u5efa\u6865\u6881\u3001\u52a0\u5f3a\u5b66\u6821\u6587\u5316\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u73af\u5883<em>\u548c<\/em>\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u529f\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7279\u522b\u6765\u5bbe\u3002   <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><br><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u4e00\u822c\u7b54\u590d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u79ef\u6781\u7ba1\u6559\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u539f\u5219&#8211;\u65e2\u6709\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5e94\u5bf9\u6027\u7684&#8211;\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bfe\u6559\u5e08\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u5728\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bfe\u4e0a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u884c\u4e3a\u5305\u62ec\u5e72\u6270\u3001\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u3001\u5206\u5fc3\u548c\u8131\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5173\u6ce8\u5174\u8da3&#8211; <\/strong>\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u636e\u6b64\u8c03\u6574\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u6559\u7f8e\u672f\u65f6\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u559c\u6b22\u7acb\u4f53\u521b\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u628a\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u96d5\u5851\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u5929\u7136\u6750\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u521b\u4f5c\u4e0a\u3002\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u624d\u4f1a\u6295\u5165\u3002  <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u8f6e &#8211; <\/strong>\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u96c6\u601d\u5e7f\u76ca\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6311\u6218\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u663e\u793a\u5728\u997c\u56fe\u4e0a\u5e76\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a &#8220;\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u8f6e&#8221;\u3002\u5f53\u5b66\u751f\u9047\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06 &#8220;\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u8f6e &#8220;\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u3002  <em>(\u89c1\u300aPDMC\u300b\u7b2c 176-184 \u9875\uff09\u3002<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u6fc0\u53d1\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#8211; <\/strong>\u907f\u514d\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0b\u8fbe\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982<em>&#8220;\u628a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u6536\u8d77\u6765 &#8220;<\/em>\u6216<em>&#8220;\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u5f20\u7eb8&#8221;\u3002<\/em>\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982<em>&#8220;\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u6559\u5ba4\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ec4\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\uff1f&#8221;<\/em> <em>\u6216 &#8220;\u753b\u70ad\u7b14\u753b\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u6750\u6599\uff1f&#8221;<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8ba9\u5e38\u89c4\u505a\u4e3b &#8211; 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style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u88ab<strong>\u8bef\u5bfc\u7684\u6743\u529b <\/strong>\uff08\u8ba9\u6211\u5e2e\u5fd9\uff0c\u7ed9\u6211\u9009\u62e9\uff09&#8211;<em>\u88ab\u8bef\u5bfc\u6743\u529b <\/em>\u8fd9\u4e00\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63a7\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u529b\/\u4ee3\u7406\u6743\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u611f\u3002  \u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6216\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\u3001\u8511\u89c6\uff08\u88ab\u52a8\u6216\u4e3b\u52a8\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u4eba\u4ee5\u53c2\u4e0e\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89&#8211;\u60f3\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4eba&#8211;\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u672c\u52a0\u5389\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 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<\/em>\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5bf9\u67d0\u9879\u6d3b\u52a8\u671b\u800c\u5374\u6b65\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u4eba\u770b\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u6df1\u5904\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u56de\u5e94\uff1a\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c2\u4e0e\u5236\u5b9a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\u3002&nbsp; \u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0e\u5168\u5c40\u3002&nbsp; \u907f\u514d\u9488\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u3002&nbsp; \u907f\u514d\u601c\u60af&#8211;\u800c\u662f\u8868\u793a\u540c\u60c5\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c0f\u6b65\u5411\u524d\u8fc8\u8fdb\u3002&nbsp; \u627f\u8ba4\u52aa\u529b\u4e0e\u6210\u679c\u3002\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f20\u6388\u81ea\u5df1\u64c5\u957f\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002 &nbsp; \u4ee5\u5e7d\u9ed8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u793a\u8303\u72af\u9519\u3002&nbsp; \u4f7f\u7528\u6838\u5bf9\u8868\u3002&nbsp; \u521b\u5efa\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u8bf4\u660e\u3002&nbsp; \u6f14\u793a\u4e0e\u8bb2\u8ff0&nbsp; \u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u80a9\u5de5\u4f5c&#8211;\u9f13\u52b1\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u90a3\u4e2a\u628a\u5047\u7259\u7559\u5728\u94a2\u7434\u4e0a\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u8001\u5e08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u6ca1\u6709\u518d\u56de\u6765\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6551\u8d4e\u5f27\u7ebf\u3002\u5b83\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u771f\u5ba1\u89c6\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u4e1a\u6559\u5e08\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\uff08\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\uff09\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u66f4\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u662f&#8211;\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba9\u4e3b\u73ed\u6559\u5e08\u4e0e\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u4e0a\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bfe\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u7684\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bfe\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u8ba9\u4e13\u4e1a\u6559\u5e08\u53c2\u52a0\u73ed\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002    <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5b83\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5417\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5728\u5728\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5305\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u66f4\u52a0\u7d27\u5bc6\u3002\u52a9\u7406\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u4e86\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u66f4\u5feb\u4e50\u3001\u66f4\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u80fd\u9a7e\u9a6d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002     <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><br><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\uff0c\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7 (1938).&nbsp;<em data-start=\"249\" data-end=\"290\">\u793e\u4f1a\u5229\u76ca\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brackett, M. A., Reyes, M. R., Rivers, S. E., Elbertson, N. A., &amp; Salovey, P. (2011).\u8bfe\u5802\u60c5\u7eea\u6c1b\u56f4\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u884c\u4e3a\u300b\uff08Classroom Emotional Climate, Teacher Affiliation, and Student Conduct. &nbsp;<em>\u8bfe\u5802\u4e92\u52a8\u671f\u520a\u300b<\/em>\u3001&nbsp;<em>46<\/em>(1), 27-36.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dreikurs, R., &amp; Grey, L. (1968).&nbsp;<em>\u8bfe\u5802\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff1a\u6559\u5e08\u624b\u518c<\/em>\u300b\uff08\u7b2c 2 \u7248\uff09\u3002\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\uff1aHarper &amp; Row \u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002 <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dreikurs, R., Grunwald, B. B., &amp; Pepper, F. C. (2004).&nbsp;<em>\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u7406\u667a\uff1a\u8bfe\u5802\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u5de7<\/em>\u300b\u3002\u6cf0\u52d2\u4e0e\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002 <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Freiberg, H. J. (1999).School climate\uff1aMeasuring, Improving and Sustaining healthy learning environments.London\uff1aFalmer Press.  <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ohl, A., Schelly, D., Caramia, S., Gill, A., Bennett, A., &amp; Watts, M. P. (2019).\u4e0a\u5b66\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\uff1a\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u89c2\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\u3002 &nbsp;<em>\u804c\u4e1a\u6cbb\u7597\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u5e72\u9884\u671f\u520a\u300b<\/em>\u3001&nbsp;<em>12<\/em>(1), 116-129.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Montessori, M. (1949).&nbsp;<em>\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11<\/em>\u5609\u6587\u56fe\u4e66\u516c\u53f8\u3002 <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nelsen, J., &amp; DeLorenzo, C. (2021)\u3002&nbsp;<em>\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1\u6559\uff1a\u8425\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u57f9\u517b\u5c0a\u91cd\u3001\u4ec1\u6148\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u7684\u73af\u5883<\/em>\u3002\u52a0\u5dde\u8d39\u5c14\u5965\u514b\u65af\uff1aParent Child Press. <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;\u5b66\u6821\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6765\u632f\u594b\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u4f4d\u777f\u667a\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u6765\u6fc0\u53d1\uff0c\u4ed6 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13783,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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