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&#8220;\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5bfc &#8220;\u5979\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5979\u627e\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b &#8220;\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5bfc &#8220;\u5f88\u5feb\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u6076\u5316\u3002      <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"1420\" data-end=\"1655\">\u841d\u4e1d\u9003\u907f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4ee4\u4eba\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002\u5979\u5f00\u59cb\u4ece\u67b6\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u5077\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5e76\u6bc1\u574f\u5176\u4ed6\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u51ef\u897f\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u9700\u8981\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u70b9\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u60a8\u5c06\u5728\u672c\u6587\u672b\u5c3e\u770b\u5230 &#8220;\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206&#8221;\uff01   <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"1657\" data-end=\"2242\">\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u9003\u907f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u4e3b\u52a8\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5b69\u5b50\u5c31\u50cf\u5bd3\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684 &#8220;\u6c83\u5229 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400;\"><strong>\u5de5\u4f5c\u56de\u907f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u5e73\u9762<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"225\" data-end=\"759\"><strong data-start=\"225\" data-end=\"249\"><em>\u5b66\u6b65\u671f\uff080-3 \u5c81\uff09<\/em><\/strong>&#8211; 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data-end=\"793\"><em>\u513f\u7ae5\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff083-6 \u5c81\uff09<\/em><\/strong>&#8211; \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5438\u6536\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u5efa\u6784\u81ea\u6211\u3002\u56de\u907f\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8fc7\u5ea6\u793e\u4ea4\u3001\u4f18\u67d4\u5be1\u65ad\u3001\u653e\u5f03\u3001\u6253\u65ad\u8001\u5e08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6216\u591a\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u5c31\u79bb\u5f00\u3002 <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"1170\" data-end=\"1763\"><strong data-start=\"1170\" data-end=\"1197\"><em>\u5c0f\u5b66\uff086-12 \u5c81\uff09<\/em><\/strong>&#8211; \u5c0f\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u53d1\u5c55\u63a8\u7406\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u548c\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u5bf9 &#8220;\u5927\u95ee\u9898 &#8220;\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5177\u4f53\u601d\u7ef4\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u62bd\u8c61\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f3a\u8c03\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u6fc0\u53d1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9<em>\u5b87\u5b99\u6559\u80b2<\/em>\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6240\u89e3\u7b54\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u9003\u907f\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002\u9003\u907f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5305\u62ec\u63a8\u8fdf\u5f00\u59cb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u62d6\u62c9\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u5916\u793e\u4ea4\u3001\u62b5\u5236\u66f4\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u62b1\u6028\u5de5\u4f5c &#8220;\u65e0\u804a &#8220;\u6216 &#8220;\u592a\u96be&#8221;\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9003\u907f\u591a\u6b65\u9aa4\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002  <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"1765\" data-end=\"2425\"><strong data-start=\"1765\" data-end=\"1794\"><em>\u9752\u6625\u671f\uff0812-18 \u5c81\uff09<\/em><\/strong>&#8211; \u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u5bfb\u627e\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u613f\u671b\u3002\u540c\u9f84\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e49\u611f\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u89c9\u5f97\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u6216\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u9003\u907f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08Wang, Liu, Kee, &amp; Chian, 2019\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5f80\u5f80\u8d85\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5b66\u4e1a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5f53\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u540c\u9f84\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u6c14\u9981\u6216\u81ea\u6211\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u9003\u907f\u5b66\u4e60\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u653e\u5f03\u3001\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6c89\u9ed8\u9000\u7f29\u3001\u516c\u5f00\u62b5\u5236\u3001\u9003\u907f\u5c0f\u7ec4\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u6216\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5174\u8da3\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u8bfe\u5802\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002    <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"1765\" data-end=\"2425\"><strong style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> <\/strong><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"1765\" data-end=\"2425\"><strong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u4e3a\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u73af\u5883\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907<\/strong><\/p><ul><li data-start=\"205\" data-end=\"408\"><strong data-start=\"205\" data-end=\"228\">\u5173\u7cfb\u7b2c\u4e00&#8211;<\/strong>\u4ece\u8054\u7cfb\u5f00\u59cb\uff01\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u4e0e\u8001\u5e08\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u5b66\u4e1a\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u90fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002 <\/li><li data-start=\"412\" data-end=\"672\"><strong data-start=\"412\" data-end=\"433\">\u907f\u514d\u5047\u8bbe&#8211;<\/strong>\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u5bf9\u6821\u5916\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u505a\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bf4 &#8220;\u4ed6\u5728\u4ed6\u7238\u7238\u5bb6\u8fc7\u591c\u65f6\u4ece\u4e0d\u6295\u5165 &#8220;\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f60\u5ffd\u89c6\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002 <\/li><li data-start=\"676\" data-end=\"1115\"><strong data-start=\"676\" data-end=\"693\">\u907f\u514d\u63a7\u5236&#8211;<\/strong>\u5bf9\u9003\u907f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u7531\u6210\u4eba\u51fa\u9762\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b69\u5b50\u65e0\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u9009\u62e9\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9519\u5931\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u672c\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u89c2\u5bdf\u51fa\u73b0\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u6559\u5e08\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff08Jiang\u3001Vauras\u3001Volet\u3001Salo \u548c Kajamies\uff0c2019 \u5e74\uff09\u3002  <\/li><li data-start=\"1119\" data-end=\"1454\"><strong data-start=\"1119\" data-end=\"1134\">\u89c2\u5bdf&#8211;<\/strong>\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6d41\u6c34\u8bb0\u5f55\u6cd5\u4ed4\u7ec6\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u67e5\u770b\u4f60\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u6307\u6807\u548c\u9003\u907f\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5148\u5146\uff0c\u5982\u7f3a\u4e4f\u51c6\u5907\u3001\u6280\u80fd\u843d\u540e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u6001\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6311\u6218\u6027\u8fc7\u9ad8\u6216\u8fc7\u4f4e\uff0c\u6216\u53d1\u5c55\u503e\u5411\u3002 <\/li><li data-start=\"1458\" data-end=\"1952\"><strong data-start=\"1458\" data-end=\"1478\">\u8ffd\u968f\u5174\u8da3&#8211;<\/strong>\u867d\u7136\u8ffd\u968f\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u770b\u4f3c\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u8df3\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u5174\u8da3 &#8220;\u5e94\u8be5 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data-end=\"2873\">\u5e38\u89c4\u4e00\u81f4&#8211;<\/strong>\u4e0d\u8981\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u538c\u5026\u6253\u4e71\u8bfe\u5802\u8282\u594f\u3002\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5468\u671f\u3001\u6bcf\u65e5\u65e5\u7a0b\u8868\u3001\u6bcf\u5468\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u5b66\u5e74\u8282\u594f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u671f\u5f85\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u3002\u5f53\u5e38\u89c4\u5f97\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u4fdd\u6301\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4ee5\u524d\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u81ea\u884c\u89e3\u51b3\u3002   <\/li><\/ul><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u4f18\u96c5\u548c\u793c\u8c8c\u6280\u80fd<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5236\u5b9a\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u5c0f\u6b65\u9aa4 &#8211; <\/strong>\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 &#8220;\u4e00\u822c\u7b54\u590d 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data-end=\"227\">\u7761\u7720\u548c\u751f\u7406\u9700\u6c42&#8211;<\/strong>\u8be2\u95ee\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u7761\u7720\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u7761\u7720\u4e0d\u8db3\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u9003\u907f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u751f\u7406\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5e74\u9f84\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u9759\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u77ed\u6682\u4f11\u606f\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7406\u9700\u6c42\uff1a\u6c34\u3001\u96f6\u98df\u6216\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f11\u606f\u3002   <\/li><li data-start=\"540\" data-end=\"879\"><strong data-start=\"540\" data-end=\"566\">\u9694\u79bb\u56f0\u96be&#8211;<\/strong>\u6709\u4e9b\u5b69\u5b50\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u63aa\u3002\u9694\u79bb\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u539f\u5219\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7b56\u7565\u5305\u62ec\u9650\u5236\u4f5c\u4e1a\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u4efb\u52a1\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u786e\u4fdd\u6307\u4ee4\u7b80\u5355\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e66\u9762\u6216\u56fe\u89e3\u6307\u4ee4\uff08Shanks, 2024\uff09\u3002  <\/li><li data-start=\"883\" data-end=\"1086\"><strong data-start=\"883\" data-end=\"910\">\u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7a0d\u540e\u5b8c\u6210&#8211;<\/strong>\u9f13\u52b1\u5b69\u5b50\u5b89\u6392\u597d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8fc8\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u7a0d\u4f5c\u4f11\u606f\u5e76\u7a0d\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9a7e\u9a6d\u3002 <\/li><li data-start=\"1090\" data-end=\"1273\"><strong data-start=\"1090\" data-end=\"1106\">\u8d21\u732e&#8211;<\/strong>\u5f15\u5bfc\u5b69\u5b50\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eba\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u957f\u5904\u548c\u6210\u529f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f9\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3001\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u6fc0\u52b1\u80fd\u529b\u3002 <\/li><li data-start=\"1277\" data-end=\"1687\"><strong data-start=\"1277\" data-end=\"1309\">\u6709\u9650\u548c\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u9009\u62e9&#8211;<\/strong>\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u4e4b\u5bb6\u548c\u5c0f\u5b66\u4f4e\u5e74\u7ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u9650\u548c\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u6709\u9650\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f60\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u5174\u8da3\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5b69\u5b50\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u80fd\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u548c\u8001\u5e08\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u3002  <\/li><li data-start=\"1691\" data-end=\"2095\"><strong data-start=\"1691\" data-end=\"1710\">\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u8f6e&#8211;<\/strong>&#8220;<em>\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u8f6e<\/em>&#8220;<em>\uff08PDMC\uff0c <\/em>\u7b2c 176 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data-end=\"2121\">\u5174\u8da3\u8bbf\u8c08&#8211;<\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u53d1\u6398\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u60a8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5c31\u82b1\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684 &#8220;\u8bbf\u8c08\u95ee\u9898&#8221;\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u7d22\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u8c08\u8bba\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff08\u6210\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e8b\u5148\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u76f8\u5173\u3002   <\/li><li data-start=\"2539\" data-end=\"2979\"><strong data-start=\"2539\" data-end=\"2572\">\u5171\u540c\u5236\u5b9a\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u76ee\u6807&#8211;<\/strong>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e74\u9f84\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4e3e\u884c\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u6668\u68c0\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5236\u5b9a\u6bcf\u65e5\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e74\u9f84\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u8d77\u89c4\u5212\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u548c\u4e00\u5468\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5236\u5b9a\u5207\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u9f13\u52b1\u4ece\u5c0f\u4e8b\u505a\u8d77\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u589e\u5f3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002    <\/li><li data-start=\"2983\" data-end=\"3273\"><strong data-start=\"2983\" data-end=\"3005\">\u5171\u540c\u8ddf\u8fdb&#8211;<\/strong>\u4f7f\u7528 &#8220;<em>\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u5bf9\u8bdd<\/em> <em>\u95ee\u9898&#8221;<\/em><em>\uff08PDMC\uff0c <\/em>\u7b2c 194 \u9875\uff09\u68c0\u67e5\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u9891\u7387\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u548c\u9700\u8981\u800c\u5b9a&#8211;\u5728\u4e00\u5929\u4e2d\u3001\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u3001\u5728\u653e\u5b66\u65f6\u6216\u5728\u4e00\u5468\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u3002 <\/li><li data-start=\"3277\" data-end=\"3588\"><strong data-start=\"3277\" data-end=\"3304\">\u7528\u8bc1\u636e\u9f13\u52b1&#8211;<\/strong>\u8bb0\u5f55\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b69\u5b50\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u7ee9\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982<em>&#8220;\u6211\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4f60\u5f00\u59cb\u505a 45 \u4e2a\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f11\u606f\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u3002\u56de\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u606d\u559c\u4f60\uff01&#8221;<\/em>  <\/li><li data-start=\"3592\" data-end=\"3998\"><strong data-start=\"3592\" data-end=\"3627\">\u4e0e<\/strong>\u5b69\u5b50<strong data-start=\"3592\" data-end=\"3627\">\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u9760\u8fd1<\/strong>\u5b69\u5b50<strong data-start=\"3592\" data-end=\"3627\">\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u79bb\u5f00<\/strong>\u5b69\u5b50<strong data-start=\"3592\" data-end=\"3627\">\u5de5\u4f5c&#8211;\u4e0a<\/strong>\u5b8c\u4e00\u5802\u8bfe\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8981\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u80a9\u4f5c\u6218\u3002\u968f\u7740\u81ea\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8868\u793a\u4fe1\u4efb\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f60\u80fd\u884c\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u548c\u5c71\u59c6\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8bf7\u544a\u8bc9\u6211&#8221;\u3002<\/em>   <\/li><\/ul><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> <\/strong><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><i> <\/i><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><i>&#8220;\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7aef\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u7070\u5fc3\u4e27\u6c14\u7684\u5b69\u5b50&#8221;\u3002 <\/i>(Dreikurs, 1964\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5f53\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u652f\u6301\u548c\u9f13\u52b1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u91cc\uff08\u88ab\u7231\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u8d21\u732e\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u8301\u58ee\u6210\u957f\u3002 \u5728\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u4ea7\u751f\u5584\u610f\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u3002  <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5f53\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u6c14\u9981\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7aef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u611f\u3002 \u9c81\u9053\u592b-\u5fb7\u83b1\u5e93\u65af\uff08Rudolph Dreikurs\uff09\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u513f\u7ae5\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u611f\u5230\u6c14\u9981\u65f6\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u6807\u3002  <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u652f\u6301\u79ef\u6781\u6539\u53d8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b &#8220;\u4e00\u822c\u5bf9\u7b56 &#8220;\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u6807\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002 <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5173\u6ce8 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data-end=\"325\"><em>\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u6e29\u6696\u548c\u5b89\u9759 (PWS)<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em> <\/em><\/strong>\u627f\u8ba4\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u65e0\u58f0\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5bfc\u5b69\u5b50\uff08PDMC\uff0c\u7b2c 115 \u9875\uff09\u3002\u907f\u514d\u8a00\u8bed\u5f15\u5bfc\u3002\u5728\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8003\u8651\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u521b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1&#8211;\u4e3b\u52a8\u521b\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u5171\u540c\u5efa\u7acb\u5e38\u89c4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u8bed\u8a00\u4fe1\u53f7\u63d0\u793a &#8220;\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f    <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> <\/strong><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u88ab\u8bef\u5bfc\u7684\u6743\u529b 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<\/em>\u8fd9\u4e00\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9003\u907f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653e\u5f03\u548c\u8bf4\u670d\u4ed6\u4eba\u964d\u4f4e\u671f\u671b\u503c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u9003\u907f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u663e\u5f97\u56f0\u60d1\u3001\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d\u51b3\u3001\u8bf4\u6216\u4e0d\u8bf4 &#8220;\u6211\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\uff01&#8221;\u3001\u9003\u907f\u6311\u6218\u3001\u653e\u5f03\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u91cd\u590d\u6559\u5bfc\u6216\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002 <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u56de\u5e94\uff1a<em>\u5c0f\u6b65\u9aa4\u62a5\u5230<\/em>&#8211;\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u5c0f\u6b65\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0e\u4f60\u62a5\u5230\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u9f13\u52b1\u3002\u9010\u6b65\u5c06\u6311\u6218\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u793a\u8303\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u9f13\u52b1\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u8868\u626c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u5c0f\u6210\u7ee9\u3002\u51cf\u5c11\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b66\u751f\u77e5\u9053\u6750\u6599\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u6446\u653e\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\u5426\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u6559\u7ed9\u5b66\u751f\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u652f\u6301\u5c0f\u6b65\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u964d\u4f4e\u671f\u671b\u503c&#8211;\u964d\u4f4e\u671f\u671b\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u653e\u5f03\u5b69\u5b50\u3002     <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> <\/strong><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5728\u53c2\u8003\u4e86 &#8220;\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u6807\u8868 &#8220;\u540e\uff0c\u51ef\u897f\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u88ab\u8bef\u5bfc\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u662f<em data-start=\"263\" data-end=\"368\">&#8220;\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6211\u638c\u63a7\u4e00\u5207\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u7b97\u6570\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u3002\u6211\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u914d\u6211\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f3a\u8feb\u6211&#8221;\u3002<\/em>\u51ef\u897f\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u8fd1\u7f57\u65af\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u5979\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002 <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"533\" data-end=\"924\">\u4e00\u5929\u4e0a\u5348\uff0c\u51ef\u897f\u548c\u7f57\u65af\u4e00\u8d77\u5750\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u7f57\u65af\u559c\u6b22\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u5e76\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u5979\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a &#8220;\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u8f6e&#8221;\u3002\u51ef\u897f\u8fd8\u95ee\u841d\u4e1d\u662f\u5426\u613f\u610f\u8d1f\u8d23 &#8220;\u751f\u6d3b\u5b9e\u8df5\u533a&#8221;\u3002\u841d\u4e1d\u559c\u6b22\u6253\u626b\u548c\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u5f53\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u5e2e\u5fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u7b11\u7740\u8bf4\uff1a&#8221;\u613f\u610f\uff01&#8221;   <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"926\" data-end=\"1358\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u841d\u4e1d\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u95f2\u901b\u3002\u51ef\u897f\u8ba9\u5979\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\u5b9e\u8df5\u533a\uff0c\u5979\u7acb\u523b\u8d70\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e66\u67b6\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u7ed5\u7740\u6559\u5ba4\u8d70\u4e86\u4e24\u5708\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u70b9\u8ff7\u8def\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8d70\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c0f\u623f\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u5979\u67e5\u9605\u4e86\u5979\u7684 &#8220;\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u8f6e&#8221;\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53bb\u8bed\u8a00\u533a\u4f7f\u7528 &#8220;\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868&#8221;\u3002   <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"1360\" data-end=\"1736\">\u51ef\u897f\u8bf4\uff1a<em data-start=\"1377\" data-end=\"1734\">&#8220;\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u8f6e\u7279\u522b\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5f53\u5979\u6709\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u9009\u62e9&#8211;\u5979\u5e2e\u52a9\u521b\u9020\u7684\u9009\u62e9&#8211;\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7ed9\u4e86\u5979\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u89e3\u8131\u611f\u3002\u5979\u663e\u5f97\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u63aa\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u8f6e &#8220;\u5e2e\u52a9\u5979\u9694\u79bb\u4e86\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u7684\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e4b\u4e00&#8221;\u3002<\/em><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"1360\" data-end=\"1736\"><em data-start=\"1377\" data-end=\"1734\"> <\/em><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dreikurs, R. (1964).<em data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"121\">\u513f\u7ae5\uff1aThe challenge<\/em>.Hawthorn Books. <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"142\" data-end=\"395\">Jang, H., Reeve, J., &amp; Deci, E. L. (2010)\u3002\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u652f\u6301\u6216\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u652f\u6301\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<em data-start=\"307\" data-end=\"347\">\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff0c102<\/em>\uff083\uff09\uff0c588-600\u3002  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0019682<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"397\" data-end=\"629\">Jiang, J., Vauras, M., Volet, S., Salo, A.-E., &amp; Kajamies, A. (2019)\u3002\u8bfe\u5802\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u652f\u6301\u578b\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u578b\u6559\u5b66\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c6\u9891\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u3002<em data-start=\"556\" data-end=\"579\">\u6559\u80b2\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\uff0c9<\/em>(3), 229.<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/educsci9030229\" data-start=\"589\" data-end=\"627\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/educsci9030229<\/a><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"631\" data-end=\"750\">Montessori, M. (1965).<em data-start=\"654\" data-end=\"677\">The Montessori method<\/em>(A. E. George, Trans.).Schocken Books.(\u539f\u8457 1917 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff09  <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"752\" data-end=\"860\">Nelsen, J., &amp; DeLorenzo, C. (2021)\u3002<em data-start=\"788\" data-end=\"837\">\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e2d\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u7eaa\u5f8b<\/em>\u3002 \u4eb2\u5b50\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"862\" data-end=\"1025\">Orion, J. (1998).\u4e09\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u513f\u7ae5\u4f18\u96c5\u548c\u793c\u8c8c\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8f7d\u4e8e\u300a<em data-start=\"958\" data-end=\"1002\">\u4f18\u96c5\u4e0e\u793c\u8c8c\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d23\u4efb<\/em>\u3002AMI\/USA \u4f1a\u8bae\u3002   <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"1027\" data-end=\"1281\">Shanks, P. (2024).<em data-start=\"1046\" data-end=\"1244\">\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u7684\u8bfe\u5802\u5e72\u9884\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u53d1\u80b2\u8fdf\u7f13\u6216\u6b8b\u75be\u800c\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u624b\u518c<\/em>\u3002Parent Child Press, Incorporated. <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-start=\"1283\" data-end=\"1558\">Wang, C. K. J., Liu, W. C., Kee, Y. H., &amp; Chian, L. K. (2019).\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff1a\u7528\u81ea\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u7406\u8bba\u7406\u89e3\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<em data-start=\"1486\" data-end=\"1498\">Heliyon, 5<\/em>(7), e01983.<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01983\" data-start=\"1511\" data-end=\"1556\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01983<\/a> <\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5173\u7231\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86 &#8220;\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e1c\u897f&#038;#8221 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14478,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[227],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-227"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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