{"id":14760,"date":"2026-02-01T00:25:08","date_gmt":"2026-02-01T05:25:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/"},"modified":"2026-02-09T10:31:44","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T15:31:44","slug":"%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u88ab\u52a8\uff1a\u5728\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u9000\u7f29\u548c\u5bb3\u7f9e\u7684\u513f\u7ae5"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"14760\" class=\"elementor elementor-14760 elementor-14727\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-51e2fe3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"51e2fe3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e84c0b6\" data-id=\"e84c0b6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14142f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14142f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><b>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u4ece\u4e8b\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u505a\u597d\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u6216\u6d88\u6781\u88ab\u52a8\u3002- \u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a-\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229 <\/b><\/em><\/p><p>\u5728\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\uff0c\u88ab\u52a8\u6027\u5c24\u5176\u4ee4\u4eba\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3001\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u662f\u5065\u5eb7\u6210\u957f\u7684\u57fa\u7840&#8211;\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5b69\u5b50\u5374\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u3001\u8c28\u614e\u5730\u6216\u4ece\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u73af\u5883\u548c\u793e\u533a\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u739b\u5229\u4e9a-\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u52a8\u6216\u88ab\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u8d21\u732e\u3002  <\/p><p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u6211\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u542c\u5230\u5f53\u5730\u9ad8\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u672c\u6821\u6821\u53cb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5&#8211;\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5982\u4f55\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u6821\u53cb\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u7ee9\u90fd\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u542c\u5230\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3002\u800c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65b0\u8001\u5e08\u6700\u5e38\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5145\u6ee1\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u540c\u4f34\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u5c06\u8001\u5e08\u89c6\u4e3a\u76df\u53cb\u800c\u975e\u9738\u4e3b\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ece\u4e8b\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u80b2\u5df2\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u542c\u5230\u8fc7\u5173\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u8bfb\u7684\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u4ece\u6559\u7ec3\u6216\u5b9e\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\u5458\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002      <\/p><p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u7ad9\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ebf\uff0c\u8fc7\u7740\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5728\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u6570\u5e74\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u6708\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5b69\u5b50\u4f3c\u4e4e\u50cf\u9e2d\u5b50\u559d\u6c34\u4e00\u6837\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u5b69\u5b50\u5374\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e5f &#8220;\u4e0d\u61c2 &#8220;\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9047\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u548c\u793e\u533a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u6b64\u3002    <\/p><p>\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u633d\u7740\u5988\u5988\u7684\u88e4\u817f\u8d70\u8fdb\u6559\u5ba4\u3002\u5979\u7684\u65b0\u8001\u5e08\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u7b11\u5bb9\u53ef\u63ac\uff0c\u70ed\u70c8\u6b22\u8fce\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002&#8221;\u771f\u9ad8\u5174\u4f60\u80fd\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff01&#8221;\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u628a\u8138\u57cb\u5728\u5988\u5988\u7684\u817f\u540e\u3002\u7247\u523b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7ed9\u4e86\u5979\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5927\u7684\u62e5\u62b1\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u5979\u9053\u522b\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u773c\u6cea\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u51dd\u89c6\u3002       <\/p><p>\u5f00\u5b66\u51e0\u5468\u540e\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u5f00\u59cb\u62c5\u5fc3\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u5728\u5708\u8bfe\u65f6\u4e0d\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5728\u5916\u9762\u73a9\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u5c31\u5f85\u5728\u8001\u5e08\u8eab\u8fb9\uff1b\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u4e0a\u8bfe\uff0c\u5979\u53ea\u548c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u4e00\u8d77\u4e0a\u8bfe\u3002\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u4eca\u5e74 6 \u5c81\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u662f\u5979\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u5728\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u7684\u4f4e\u5e74\u7ea7\u6559\u5ba4\u4e0a\u8bfe\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5979\u5728\u8fd9\u6240\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e74\u4e86\u3002      <\/p><p>\u51e0\u5468\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u6162\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e2a\u540c\u5b66\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ecd\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u88ab\u52a8\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u5979\u548c\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u5973\u5b69\u5728\u73a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7b\u60f3\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u677e\u6811\u679d\u505a\u6210\u7684\u7687\u51a0\u3002\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u4e00\u5230 &#8220;\u57ce\u5821 &#8220;\u5c31\u628a\u7687\u51a0\u6234\u5728\u5934\u4e0a\u3002\u5979\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u6458\u4e0b\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u5934\u4e0a\u7684\u7687\u51a0\u8bf4\uff1a&#8221;\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u662f\u516c\u4e3b\u3002\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8ddf\u5728\u540e\u9762\u3002\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u8fd8\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002       <\/p><p>\u867d\u7136\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u5f88\u5c11\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u9a9a\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u540c\u6837\u4ee4\u4eba\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fdb\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u7684\u654f\u611f\u671f\u65f6\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u4f34\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u540c\u4f34\u51b2\u7a81\uff08\u53c2\u89c1 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e5%90%8c%e4%bc%b4%e5%86%b2%e7%aa%81\/\">\u540c\u4f34\u51b2\u7a81<\/a>&#8220;\u4e00\u6587\uff09\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6e38\u5203\u6709\u4f59\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u793e\u4ea4\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u80fd\u5c06\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u4e3b\u5f20\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3\u3001\u89c2\u70b9\u628a\u63e1\u3001\u5305\u5bb9\u3001\u8bbe\u5b9a\u548c\u4fdd\u6301\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3001\u79fb\u60c5\u7b49\uff08Chen \u7b49\u4eba\uff0c2001 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u5b69\u5b50\u4ee5\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u9519\u5931\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5145\u5206\u878d\u5165\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u533a\u3002\u9000\u7f29\u6216\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u6c42\u4e5f\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u662f\u632b\u8d25\u611f\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u957f\u671f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u56f0\u96be\uff08Rubin \u7b49\u4eba\uff0c2009 \u5e74\uff09\u3002    <\/p><p>\u89e3\u51b3\u6d88\u6781\u88ab\u52a8\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65e2\u5728\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u4e8e\u60a3\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5e72\u9884\u3002(Parray &amp; Kumar, 2022\uff09\u3002 <\/p><p> <\/p><p><strong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u88ab\u52a8\u4e0e\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u53d1\u5c55\u8ba1\u5212<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u5b66\u6b65\u671f\uff083 \u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff09 <\/strong>&#8211;\u5728\u53d1\u80b2\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u524d\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u611f\u5b98\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u654f\u611f\u671f\u3002\u88ab\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b66\u6b65\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u62c5\u5fe7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8868\u660e\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u52a8\u529b\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5e72\u6270\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u9884\u793a\u7740\u53d1\u80b2\u8fdf\u7f13\u6216\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u88ab\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8fd0\u52a8\u6216\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u6709\u9650\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u5e73\u6de1\u3001\u5f88\u5c11\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u6216\u6210\u4eba\u53ca\u8bfe\u5802\u4f5c\u4e1a\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3001\u7b49\u5f85\u6210\u4eba\u5582\u98df\u6216\u79fb\u52a8\u4ed6\u4eec\u3001\u5f88\u5c11\u4e0e\u8bfe\u5802\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u72ec\u7acb\u4e92\u52a8\u3002(Coplan et al., 1994\uff09\u3002    <\/p><p><strong>\u513f\u7ae5\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff083-6 \u5c81\uff09&#8211; <\/strong>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u540e\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5438\u6536\u5fc3\u667a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u654f\u611f\u671f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u610f\u5fd7\u3001\u534f\u8c03\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u5403\u996d\u3001\u7a7f\u8863\u548c\u5982\u5395\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u53d1\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u524d\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u88ab\u52a8\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u9884\u793a\u7740\u53d1\u80b2\u8fdf\u7f13\u6216\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9884\u793a\u7740\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u4f9d\u8d56\u6210\u4eba\u3002\u88ab\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u524d\u5bfb\u6c42\u8ba4\u53ef\u3001\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u6709\u9650\u3001\u4e0d\u9009\u62e9\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u4e0d\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\u3001\u653e\u5f03\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3001\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u6210\u4eba\uff08\u5403\u996d\u3001\u7a7f\u8863\u3001\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u5982\u5395\u7b49\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u793e\u4ea4\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u3002(\u9c81\u5bbe\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c2013 \u5e74\uff09    <\/p><p><strong>\u5c0f\u5b66\uff086-12 \u5c81\uff09&#8211; <\/strong>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u5411\u5305\u62ec\u91cd\u65b0\u5173\u6ce8\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u6b63 \u4e49\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u8ff8\u53d1\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u88ab\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6307\u7f3a\u4e4f\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u611f\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3001\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u6216\u80fd\u529b\u3002(\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u4e3b\u52a8\u5f00\u5c55\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u540c\u4f34\u9886\u5bfc\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u5408\u4f5c\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u5bb3\u7f9e\uff0c\u56de\u907f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8ba8\u8bba\u6216\u4e0a\u8bfe\u4f46\u4e0d\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u6216\u5c0f\u7ec4\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u3002(Nelson, Rubin &amp; Fox, 2005\uff09\u3002   <\/p><p><strong>\u9752\u6625\u671f\uff0812-18 \u5c81\uff09&#8211; <\/strong>\u5728\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u8eab\u4efd\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u7684\u654f\u611f\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u88ab\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u6216\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fc7\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3001\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3001&#8221;\u5e2e\u52a9 &#8220;\u6216\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u540c\u9f84\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u60c5\u7eea\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5e2e\u52a9\u6216\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u5b66\u4e1a\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u507f\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u62db\u81f4\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u505a\u51fa\u88ab\u52a8\u6216\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u88ab\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u60c5\u611f\u9000\u7f29\u3001\u51b7\u6f20\u3001\u6781\u5c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8ba8\u8bba\u3001\u56de\u907f\u98ce\u9669\u3001\u6781\u5c11\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u8fbe\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u987a\u4ece\u3001\u4e0e\u540c\u4f34\u9694\u79bb\u3001\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u5c0f\u7ec4\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u3001\u53d6\u60a6\u4ed6\u4eba\u3001\u4e0d\u53d1\u8868\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f9d\u8d56\u4ed6\u4eba\u505a\u51fa\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002(\u9c81\u5bbe\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c2013 \u5e74\uff09      <\/p><p><strong> <\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u51c6\u5907\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6559\u5e08  <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u4e0e<strong>\u5bb6\u957f\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5408\u4f5c<\/strong>\u88ab\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u5bb3\u7f9e\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u3001\u9000\u7f29\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53c2\u4e0e\u6216\u6c9f\u901a\u7b49\uff09\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u5bb6\u957f\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd<strong>\u6551\u52a9\u52a8\u6001<\/strong>\u3002\u6c9f\u901a\u5f80\u5f80\u53d8\u5f97<em>\u4e09\u89d2\u5316<\/em>\uff1a\u5b69\u5b50\u628a\u62c5\u5fe7\u5e26\u56de\u5bb6\u7ed9\u7236\u6bcd\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7236\u6bcd\u518d\u8054\u7cfb\u8001\u5e08\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50 &#8220;\u4ee3\u8a00&#8221;\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6001\u52bf\u4f1a\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u524a\u5f31\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u5316\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u4f1a\u5b66\u4f1a\u522b\u4eba\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e94<strong>\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u5b69\u5b50\u6c9f\u901a<\/strong>   <strong> <\/strong>\u4e0e\u5bb6\u957f\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u53ca\u65e9\u4e0e\u5bb6\u957f\u5206\u4eab\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u62c5\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8bf4\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u5171\u540c\u5173\u6ce8\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u662f\u6d88\u9664\u5bb6\u957f\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u56e2\u961f<\/strong>\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5b69\u5b50\u53d1\u5c55\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u4e3b\u5f20\u80fd\u529b\u3002  <\/li><li><strong>\u73ed\u4f1a &#8211; <\/strong>\u7cbe\u5f69\u7eb7\u5448 <a href=\"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e7%8f%ad%e4%bc%9a%e7%9a%84%e5%8a%9b%e9%87%8f\/\"><em>\u73ed\u4f1a<\/em><\/a>\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u521b\u9020\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u652f\u6301\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u611f\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6548\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u6709\u88ab\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u4f9d\u8d56\u6210\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u90fd\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u4e92\u76f8\u5e2e\u52a9\u548c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u8d56\u540c\u5b66\u548c\u8001\u5e08\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5c31\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5411\u670b\u53cb\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u4e5f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002  <\/li><li><strong>\u59cb\u7ec8\u5982\u4e00\u7684\u5e38\u89c4&#8211; <\/strong>\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7b56\u5212\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u4e3a\u513f\u7ae5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c4\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u65e5\u7a0b\u8868\u3001\u6bcf\u5468\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6216\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7b56\u5212\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u3002\u5f53\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u5728\u5185\u5fc3\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u57f9\u517b\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u4fe1\u5fc3\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u80fd\u529b\u3002    <\/li><li><strong>\u5173\u7cfb\u7b2c\u4e00&#8211; <\/strong>\u5f53\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u77e5\u9053\u6210\u4eba\u7ad9\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8fb9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u611f\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u627f\u62c5\u793e\u4ea4\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5c31\u50cf &#8220;\u597d\u5b69\u5b50 &#8220;\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a &#8220;\u6084\u65e0\u58f0\u606f &#8220;\u5730\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u6666\u6da9\u96be\u61c2\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u548c\u7834\u574f\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u6216\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u65f6\u4e0e\u4eba\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e5\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002    <\/li><li><strong>\u907f\u514d <\/strong>\u62ef\u6551&#8211;\u62ef\u6551\u5bb3\u7f9e\u6216\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5f88\u6709\u8bf1\u60d1\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u540c\u60c5\u3002\u4f46\u62ef\u6551<em>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a<\/em>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d8a\u8f68\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u62ef\u6551\u5b69\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u5165\u4e86\u5b69\u5b50\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f20\u8fbe\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5219\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u3002\u652f\u6301\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u51c6\u5907\u73af\u5883\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u966a\u4f34\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u62ef\u6551\u662f<em>\u4ee3\u66ff<\/em>\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u652f\u6301\u5219\u662f<em>\u4e0e<\/em>\u5b69\u5b50\u7ad9\u5728<em>\u4e00\u8d77<\/em>\u3002     <\/li><li><strong>\u907f\u514d\u7ed9\u5efa\u8bae&#8211; <\/strong>\u9664\u4e86\u65bd\u6551\uff0c\u6210\u4eba\u8fd8\u7ecf\u5e38\u7ed9\u5efa\u8bae\u6216\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u8bf4\u6559\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5e2e\u52a9\u88ab\u52a8\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u6bd4\u5982<em>&#8220;\u53eb\u4ed6\u4eec\u522b\u95f9\u4e86 &#8221; <\/em>\u6216<em>&#8220;\u522b\u7406 <\/em> <em>\u4ed6\u4eec <\/em> <em>&#8220;\u3002 <\/em>\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u635f\u5bb3\u5b69\u5b50\u672c\u5df2\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6216\u4e0e\u540c\u5b66\u5212\u6e05\u754c\u9650\u3002  <\/li><li><strong>\u82b1\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u5b66&#8211; <\/strong><strong>\u4ed4\u7ec6\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u6216\u4fe1\u5fc3\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u8db3<\/strong><strong>\u3002 <\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u5f53\u53d1\u73b0\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u843d\u540e\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6765\u6559\u6388\u6216\u6e29\u548c\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u6559\u6388\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5c0f\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u9f13\u52b1\u4ed6\u4eec\u9010\u6b65\u8d70\u5411\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002   <\/li><li><strong>\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3\u533a&#8211; <\/strong>\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3\u533a\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u56f0\u96be\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u4e3b\u52a8\u6216\u5373\u5174\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f9\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u66f4\u6709\u4e3b\u89c1\u7684\u540c\u4f34\u516c\u5e73\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u6210\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u6307\u5bfc\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u62ef\u6551\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002  <\/li><li><strong>\u5c0a\u91cd\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8282\u594f&#8211; <\/strong>\u5141\u8bb8\u5b69\u5b50\u9009\u62e9\u53c2\u52a0\u5708\u5b50\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u538b\u529b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9080\u8bf7\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u8a00\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u632b\u8d25\u611f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u5fc3\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u5b69\u5b50\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u53c2\u4e0e\u73ed\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u575a\u6301\u8981\u6c42\u5b69\u5b50\u51fa\u5e2d\u6216\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u96c6\u4e2d\u7cbe\u529b\u8425\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u6c1b\u56f4\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u878d\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002  <\/li><li><strong>\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6311\u6218 &#8211;<\/strong>\u6211\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u53c2\u52a0<strong>\u4e00\u4e2a<\/strong>\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u8be5\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528 &#8220;<em>\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6311\u6218 &#8220;<\/em>\u8fd9\u4e00\u77ed\u8bed\u6765\u9f13\u52b1\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5728\u7ef3\u7d22\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e0a\u627f\u62c5\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6559\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u5728\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u6301\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\uff1a\u5f53\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u6216\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5f97\u5230\u5c0a\u91cd\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9010\u6e10\u6562\u4e8e\u5192\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u9879\u76ee\u65f6\u6bd4\u521a\u6765\u65f6\u66f4\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u529b\u5730\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6311\u6218\u548c\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002   <\/li><li><strong>\u8d21\u732e&#8211;\u89c2\u5bdf<\/strong>\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u957f\u5904\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u73ed\u96c6\u4f53\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6309\u7167\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u8f6e\u6362\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u5206\u914d\u89d2\u8272&#8211;\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u957f\u5904\u3002\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002  <\/li><\/ul><p><strong> <\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u4e3a\u6d88\u6781\u6216\u9000\u7f29\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0a\u4f18\u96c5\u548c\u793c\u8c8c\u8bfe<\/strong><\/p><p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u88ab\u52a8\u4e0e\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<em>\u5982\u4f55<\/em>\u6559\u6388\u793e\u4ea4\u6280\u80fd\u4e0e\u6559<em>\u4ec0\u4e48<\/em>\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u907f\u514d\u5c34\u5c2c\u3001\u660e\u786e\u6559\u6388\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u5411\u5b69\u5b50\u4f20\u9012\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/p><p>\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e94\u9075\u5faa\u4e09\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u5728\u6559\u5b66\u4e4b\u524d\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb\uff1b\u793a\u8303\u591a\u4e8e\u8bb2\u89e3\uff1b\u5728\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec3\u4e60\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u6216\u6311\u6218\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002\u4ece\u5c0f\u4e8b\u505a\u8d77\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u5177\u4f53\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u79c1\u4e0b\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002   <\/p><p>\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c&#8221;\u4f18\u96c5\u548c\u793c\u8c8c &#8220;\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u5230\u4e09\u5206\u949f\u3002 <\/p><ul><li><strong>\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9&#8211;<\/strong>\u5c06\u4f60\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u9700\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e74\u9f84\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8be2\u95ee\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u4f60\u80fd\u5e2e\u6211\u5417\uff1f&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u6211\u6709\u56f0\u96be &#8221; <\/em>\u6216<em> &#8220;\u6211\u9700\u8981 <\/em> <em>\u5e2e\u52a9&#8221; <\/em><em> \u3002 <\/em>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e74\u9f84\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u540c\u521b\u9020\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u79c1\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u77ed\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002  <\/li><li><strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9&#8211;<\/strong>\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b69\u5b50\u5df2\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u9996\u5148\u8981\u6c42\u5b69\u5b50\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u957f\u5904\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u4f53\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u7ed9\u4e88\u8d5e\u8d4f\u548c\u9f13\u52b1\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u5fc3\u6b63\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\uff0c\u9080\u8bf7\u5b69\u5b50\u4ee5\u5fae\u5c0f\u800c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u6559\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u5417\uff1f&#8221; <\/em>\u6216 &#8220;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u613f\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u6559\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u505a&#8221;\u3002\u4e00\u8d77\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002     <\/li><li><strong>\u52a0\u5165\u4ed6\u4eba&#8211;<\/strong>\u793a\u8303\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u52a0\u5165\u524d\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u7b49\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u6d3b\u52a8\u6216\u6e38\u620f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u518d\u8981\u6c42\u52a0\u5165\u3002\u6559\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5165\u5417\uff1f<\/em>\u8fd8\u8981\u6559\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u63a5\u53d7\u62d2\u7edd\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u597d\u5427\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8c22\u8c22\u4f60&#8221;\uff0c<\/em>\u7136\u540e\u518d\u9009\u62e9\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u8be5\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002 <\/li><li><strong>\u8bf4\u8bdd\u97f3\u91cf&#8211;<\/strong>\u5bb3\u7f9e\u6216\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u522b\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u542c\u5230\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u4ee5\u8eab\u4f5c\u5219\uff0c\u5927\u58f0\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u542c\u5230\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u538b\u529b\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e00\u8d77\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002 <\/li><li><strong>\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u56de\u7b54&#8211;<\/strong>\u9664\u4e86\u8bf4\u8bdd\u97f3\u91cf\uff0c\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002\u6559\u6388\u5355\u8bcd\u6216\u5355\u53e5\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u5982\uff1a&#8221;\u4e0d\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u4e0d\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\u3002&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u662f\u7684\u3002&#8221;\u3001&#8221;\u8bf7\u6765\u4e00\u676f\u3002&#8221;<\/em>\u6216<em>&#8220;\u4f60\u80fd\u632a\u4e00\u4e0b\u57ab\u5b50\u5417\uff1f&#8221;\u3002<\/em> <\/li><li><strong>\u8868\u8fbe\u611f\u53d7&#8211;<\/strong>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u611f\u53d7\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u63aa\u3002<em>\u6211\u7684\u8bed\u8a00<\/em>\u300b\uff08PDMC\uff0c\u7b2c202-205\u9875\uff09\u548c\u300a<em>\u866b\u866b\u548c\u613f\u671b<\/em>\u300b\uff08PDMC\uff0c\u7b2c206\u9875\uff09\u7b49\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u652f\u6301\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5206\u4eab\u611f\u53d7\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002 <\/li><li><strong>\u5f25\u8865\u9519\u8bef&#8211;<\/strong>\u6a21\u62df\u72af\u9519\u5e76\u5f25\u8865\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u6211\u771f\u7684\u7ed9\u90a3\u76c6\u690d\u7269\u6d47\u592a\u591a\u6c34\u4e86\u3002\u54e6\uff0c\u597d\u5427\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6bdb\u5dfe\u628a\u5b83\u64e6\u5e72\u51c0&#8221;\u3002<\/em>\u6559\u6388\u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u80fd\u56fa\u7136\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u8eab\u4f5c\u5219\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u5efa\u7acb\u53cb\u597d\u5173\u7cfb\u5219\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u529b\u3002<\/li><li><strong>\u6269\u5c55\u95ee\u5019\u8bed&#8211;<\/strong>\u5728\u4e00\u5929\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9a\u4e24\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u7ec3\u4e60\u6269\u5c55\u95ee\u5019\u8bed\uff08\u6b22\u8fce\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u7ecf\u8fc7\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u3001\u5f53\u5929\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u89c1\u5230\u670b\u53cb\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u8d77\u96c6\u601d\u5e7f\u76ca\uff0c\u5199\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u95ee\u5019\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u79c1\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002 <\/li><li><strong>\u56de\u5e94\u5173\u6ce8&#8211;<\/strong>\u793a\u8303\u5982\u4f55\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8d5e\u7f8e<em>\uff08&#8221;\u8c22\u8c22&#8221;\uff09\u3001 <\/em>\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9<em>\uff08&#8221;\u6211\u5f88<\/em> <em>\u611f\u6fc0&#8221;\uff09<\/em>\u6216\u95ee\u5019<em>\uff08&#8221;\u6211\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u4f60\u597d\u5417\uff1f\uff09<\/em><\/li><li><strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u5c0f\u51b2\u7a81&#8211;<\/strong>\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u7ec3\u4e60\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u77ed\u8bed\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5f53\u4e0b\u89e3\u51b3\u5c0f\u8bef\u4f1a\u6216\u5c0f\u5206\u6b67\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u518d\u8bd5\u4e00\u6b21\u5417\uff1f&#8221;\u3001<\/em> <em>&#8220;\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77 &#8220;<\/em>\u6216<em>&#8220;\u8bf7\u505c\u6b62&#8221;\u3002<\/em> <\/li><li><strong>\u8bf4 &#8220;\u4e0d&#8221;<\/strong>\u4fd7\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c&#8221;<em>\u4e0d<\/em>&#8220;\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u7ec3\u4e60\u8bf4 &#8220;\u4e0d&#8221;\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u89e3\u91ca\u6216\u9053\u6b49\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u4e0d &#8220;<\/em>\u6216<em>&#8220;\u4e0d\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22&#8221;\u3002<\/em>\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u6559\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u9700\u8981\u7ec3\u4e60\u7684\u3002 <strong style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> <\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p><strong> <\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u4e00\u822c\u7b54\u590d<\/strong><\/p><p>\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u88ab\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u4fe1\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c9f\u901a\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u8fbe\u3001\u89e3 \u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5e94\u53d8\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u5bf9\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u53cb\u597d\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u534f\u4f5c\u3002\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u6ce8\u660e\u4e86\u6bcf\u79cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\u6240\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002 <\/p><ul><li><strong>\u89c2\u5bdf\u9f13\u52b1&#8211;<\/strong>\u4ed4\u7ec6\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u548c\u6c9f\u901a\u6280\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5c06\u4f60\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4e0e\u5b69\u5b50\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u6216\u8d21\u732e\u7ed9\u4e88\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u3002   <em>&#8220;\u4eca\u5929\u65e9\u4e0a\u73cd\u59ae\u7279\u5728\u7cfb\u9774\u5b50\u6263\u65f6\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4f60\u633a\u8eab\u800c\u51fa\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e86\u5979\u3002\u8c22\u8c22\u4f60\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u73ed\u7ea7\u7684\u4e00\u5458&#8221;\u3002(\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\uff09<\/em><\/li><li><strong>\u4e3a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6d3b\u52a8\u51c6\u5907\u8d21\u732e&#8211;<\/strong>\u5728\u4e0a\u8bfe\u6216<em>\u73ed\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae<\/em>\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u77e5\u9053\u5c06\u8981\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5e76\u9080\u8bf7\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u5177\u4f53\u8d21\u732e\u3002&#8221;<em> <\/em>\u6216<em> <\/em><em>&#8220;\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u5929\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u6c89\u79ef\u5ca9\u3002\u4f60\u80fd\u4ece\u4f60\u7684\u6536\u85cf\u4e2d\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u5757\u4e0e\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\u5417\uff1f<\/em><em> (\u8d21\u732e\u3001\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff09<\/em><\/li><li><strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f&#8211;<\/strong>\u4e0d\u5584\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5199\u4f5c\u6216\u5199\u65e5\u8bb0\u3001\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u3001\u620f\u5267\u6e38\u620f\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u4e00\u8d77\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5f53\u5b69\u5b50\u9700\u8981\u5206\u4eab\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u65f6\uff0c\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u6700\u6709\u6548\u3002\u6162\u6162\u57f9\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u80fd\u529b\u3002(\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u8fbe\uff09   <\/li><li><strong>\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4fe1\u5fc3&#8211;<\/strong>\u907f\u514d\u601c\u60af\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u88ab\u52a8\u6216\u5bb3\u7f9e\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8981\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e94\u5bf9\u6311\u6218\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u5408\u7406\u3001\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7ed9\u4e88\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u548c\u652f\u6301\u3002(\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\uff09\u3002     <\/li><li><strong>\u5c0f\u6b65\u9aa4 <\/strong>&#8211;\u9694\u79bb\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u518d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9694\u79bb\u3002\u4ee5\u5c0f\u6b65\u3001\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6559\u6388\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u6c9f\u901a\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c0a\u91cd\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6b65\u8c03\u3002\u8981\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3002(\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\uff09   <\/li><li><strong>\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u503e\u542c&#8211;<\/strong>\u8bf4\u6559\u6216\u5efa\u8bae\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u5207\u65ad\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6d88\u6781\u6216\u5b64\u50fb\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<em>\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u503e\u542c<\/em>\u6765\u521b\u9020\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3002\u503e\u542c\u3001\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u62b5\u5236\u89e3\u91ca\u3001\u7ea0\u6b63\u6216\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002(\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff09    <\/li><li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u5e7d\u9ed8&#8211;<\/strong>\u5e7d\u9ed8\u80fd\u5728\u6700\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u5e26\u6765\u6e29\u6696\u548c\u4eba\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u81ea\u5632\u4e3a\u699c\u6837\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7b11\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u8f7b\u677e\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u5206\u4eab\u7b11\u58f0\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u8054\u7cfb\u3002(\u5e94\u53d8\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u53cb\u597d\u76f8\u5904\uff09   <\/li><li><strong>\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6d3b\u52a8&#8211;<\/strong>\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u53c2\u52a0\u6709\u610f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5c0f\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u660e\u786e\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u671f\u671b\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5728\u8f83\u4e3a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u6709\u673a\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bfe\u5802\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u6c9f\u901a\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002   <\/li><li><strong>\u5171\u540c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898&#8211;<\/strong>\u4e0e\u5b69\u5b50\u5408\u4f5c\u5e94\u5bf9\u6311\u6218\u5e76\u5236\u5b9a\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u64cd\u573a\u4e0a\u4e0e\u540c\u4f34\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0e\u5b69\u5b50\u4e00\u8d77\u96c6\u601d\u5e7f\u76ca\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u5b69\u5b50\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u3002(\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u6c9f\u901a\uff09\u3002  <\/li><li><strong>\u4e0e<\/strong>\u5b69\u5b50<strong>\u4e00\u8d77\u7ec3\u4e60\u3001\u9760\u8fd1\u5b69\u5b50\u7ec3\u4e60\u3001<\/strong> <em>\u8ba9<\/em>\u5b69\u5b50<strong>\u72ec\u7acb\u7ec3\u4e60&#8211;<\/strong>\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u6559\u6388\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u7684<em>\u4f18\u96c5\u548c\u793c\u8c8c<\/em>\u6280\u80fd\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u5b69\u5b50\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7ec3\u4e60\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u4e00\u76f4\u966a\u5728\u4ed6\u8eab\u8fb9\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5b69\u5b50\u81ea\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u6362\u6210\u89c6\u89c9\u4e0a\u7684\u4eb2\u8fd1\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u653e\u5fc3\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u72ec\u7acb\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002(\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\uff09\u3002  <\/li><li><strong>\u5148\u8ba9 <\/strong>\u5b69\u5b50<strong>\u89c2\u5bdf&#8211; <\/strong>\u907f\u514d\u5f3a\u8feb\u5b69\u5b50\u53c2\u52a0\u6d3b\u52a8\u6216\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u8981\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8bfe\u6216\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u613f\u610f\u5148\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u65f6\u518d\u52a0\u5165&#8211;\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u6311\u6218\uff01(\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u97e7\u6027\uff09  <\/li><li><strong>&#8220;\u7136\u800c &#8220;\u7684\u8bed\u8a00 &#8211; <\/strong>\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8d34\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u4f7f\u7528 &#8220;\u5bb3\u7f9e &#8220;\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6c38\u6052\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684<em>\u662f<\/em> <em>&#8220;\u770b\u6765\u4f60<u>\u8fd8<\/u>\u4e0d\u592a\u9002\u5e94 &#8221; <\/em>\u6216<em> &#8220;\u5982\u679c\u4f60<u>\u8fd8<\/u>\u6ca1\u51c6\u5907\u597d\uff0c\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb&#8221;\u3002 <\/em> (\u5e94\u53d8\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u5584\u4e8e\u9762\u5bf9\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u575a\u6301\u4e0d\u61c8\uff09\u3002   <\/li><li><strong>\u8f6c\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f4e\u5e74\u7ea7\u5b66\u751f &#8211; \u5e2e\u52a9 <\/strong>\u4ed6\u4eba\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u4fe1\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u611f\u7684\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff01\u5173\u6ce8\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6446\u8131\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u611f\u3002\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7-\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\uff08Alfred Adler\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u66f4\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e86\u3002\u5229\u7528\u5b69\u5b50\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5929\u8d4b\u548c\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4ea4\u5174\u8da3\u4f53\u9a8c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u793e\u533a\u611f\uff01(\u793e\u4ea4\u5174\u8da3\u3001\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u8054\u7cfb\uff09    <\/li><\/ul><p><strong> <\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/p><p><em>\u8c03\u76ae\u6363\u86cb\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u5fc3\u7070\u610f\u51b7\u7684\u5b69\u5b50&#8221;\u3002 <\/em>(Dreikurs, 1964\uff09\u3002<\/p><p>\u5f53\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u652f\u6301\u548c\u9f13\u52b1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u91cc\uff08\u88ab\u7231\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u8d21\u732e\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u8301\u58ee\u6210\u957f\u3002 \u5728\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u4ea7\u751f\u5584\u610f\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u3002  <\/p><p>\u5f53\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u6c14\u9981\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7aef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u611f\u3002 \u9c81\u9053\u592b-\u5fb7\u83b1\u5e93\u65af\uff08Rudolph Dreikurs\uff09\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u513f\u7ae5\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u611f\u5230\u6c14\u9981\u65f6\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u6807\u3002  <\/p><p>\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u652f\u6301\u79ef\u6781\u6539\u53d8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b &#8220;\u4e00\u822c\u5bf9\u7b56 &#8220;\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u6807\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002 <\/p><p><strong>\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5173\u6ce8\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u6211&#8211;\u8ba9\u6211\u6709\u7528\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u6807\u662f<em>&#8220;\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5173\u6ce8&#8221;\uff08Undue Attention<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f15\u8d77\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u628a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u6216\u83b7\u5f97\u7279\u6b8a\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5173\u6ce8 &#8220;\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5bb3\u7f9e\u3001\u9000\u7f29\u4ee5\u5bfb\u6c42\u6551\u63f4\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u6210\u4eba\u3001\u5bfb\u6c42\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3001\u8ba8\u597d\u3001&#8221;\u5fd8\u8bb0 &#8220;\u6216\u5047\u88c5\u65e0\u52a9\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0e &#8220;<em>\u5047\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8db3<\/em>&#8220;\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\u3002 <\/p><p>\u56de\u5e94\uff1a\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7aef\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6c34\u6876\u52a0\u6ee1\u6c34\uff08\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff09\u3002\u627f\u8ba4\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u62ef\u6551<em>\uff0c&#8221;\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u8bf4&#8217;\u4e0d&#8217;\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u96be&#8221;\u3002<\/em>\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c<em>&#8220;\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/em>\u4f7f\u7528<em>\u6fc0\u52b1\u6027\u597d\u5947\u95ee\u9898<\/em>\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u4f60\u80fd\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u4f60\u611f\u5230\u53d7\u4f24\uff1f<\/em>\u4f7f\u7528 &#8220;<em>\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u6e29\u6696\u548c\u6c89\u9ed8&#8221;\uff08Presence\u3001Warmth \u548c Silence\uff0cPWS\uff09 <\/em>\u6765\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u4efb&#8211;\u4fdd\u6301\u4eb2\u8fd1\uff0c\u9732\u51fa\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7684\u5fae\u7b11\uff0c\u4e00\u8a00\u4e0d\u53d1\u3002\u907f\u514d\u529d\u8bf4\u548c\u54c4\u9a97\u3002\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b8c\u6210\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002   <\/p><p><strong>\u88ab\u8bef\u5bfc\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff08\u8ba9\u6211\u5e2e\u5fd9&#8211;\u7ed9\u6211\u9009\u62e9\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u62b1\u6709 &#8220;<em>\u8bef\u5bfc\u6743\u529b<\/em>&#8220;\u8fd9\u4e00\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u88ab\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c55\u793a\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u529b\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u6743\u548c\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u51b3\u5b9a\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u8bd5\u56fe\u4fdd\u6301\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u62d2\u7edd\u3001\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u6216\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u9000\u7f29\u3001\u65e0\u58f0\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\u3001\u6545\u610f\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u3001\u62d2\u7edd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6216\u5efa\u8bae\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u59a5\u534f\u3001\u8bf4 &#8220;\u662f &#8220;\u800c\u4e0d\u505a &#8220;\u4e0d&#8221;\u3001\u7b49\u5f85\u4ed6\u4eba\u3001\u6545\u610f\u62d6\u5ef6\u6216\u5de7\u5999\u6311\u8845\u3002 <\/p><p>\u56de\u5e94\uff1a\u82b1\u65f6\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u9f13\u52b1\u5c0f\u6b65\u5feb\u8dd1\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u6254\u6389\u7ef3\u5b50&#8221;&#8211;\u9000\u51fa\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u907f\u514d\u8bf4\u6559\u3001\u54c4\u9a97\u6216\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u8ba9<em>&#8220;<\/em> <em>\u81ea\u7136\u540e\u679c<\/em>&#8220;\u6765\u6559\u5bfc\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c<em>&#8220;\u4f60\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f60&#8221;\u3002<\/em>\u4f7f\u7528<em>&#8220;\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u6e29\u6696\u548c\u6c89\u9ed8&#8221;\uff08PWS\uff09<\/em>\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u9650\u800c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5730\u677f\u4e0a\u3002\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u54ea\u4e2a\uff1f<\/em>\u5141\u8bb8\u5b69\u5b50\u9009\u62e9<u>\u65f6\u95f4<\/u>\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd<u>\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9009<\/u>\u3002\u4e00\u8d77\u5efa\u7acb\u5e38\u89c4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8ba9<em>\u5e38\u89c4\u505a\u4e3b<\/em>\u3002\u7ed9\u4e88\u8d23\u4efb\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u8fd9\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u80fd\u5e2e\u5fd9\uff0c\u8bf7\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u3002&#8221;<\/em>\u6216\u8005<em>&#8220;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u51b3\u5b9a&#8221;\u3002<\/em>\u9f13\u52b1\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u529b&#8211;\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9700\u8981\u793e\u533a\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u6c14\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u4ece\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u62bd\u8eab\uff0c\u7b49\u51b7\u9759\u4e0b\u6765\u518d\u5904\u7406\u3002         <\/p><p><strong>\u62a5\u590d\uff08\u6211\u5f88\u53d7\u4f24&#8211;\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6211\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff09\uff1a <\/strong>\u4ee5 &#8220;<em>\u590d\u4ec7 &#8220;<\/em>\u4e3a\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u611f\u5230\u53d7\u4f24\u3001\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u6216\u88ab\u6392\u65a5\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<em>&#8220;\u4f60\u4f24\u5bb3\u4e86\u6211\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u62a5\u590d\u4f60\u7684\uff01&#8221;<\/em>\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u5e94\u6240\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u6216\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6545\u610f\u901a\u8fc7\u88ab\u52a8\u53cd\u5e94\u6765\u4f24\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u9000\u7f29\u3001\u6697\u4e2d\u5a01\u80c1\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u5e73\u6de1\u3001\u6697\u4e2d\u7834\u574f\u8d22\u4ea7\u3001\u4e0d\u7406\u4e0d\u776c\u3001\u8bf4<em>\u662f<\/em>\u5374<em>\u4e0d<\/em>\u505a\u3001\u76ef\u7740\u770b\u5374\u4e0d\u56de\u5e94\u3001\u62d2\u7edd\u53c2\u4e0e\u3001\u4e0d\u52a8\u3001\u4e0d\u8bf4\u8bdd\u6216\u4e3b\u52a8\u5ffd\u7565\u3002<\/p><p>\u56de\u5e94\uff1a\u627f\u8ba4\u53d7\u4f24\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u4f24\u5bb3\u65f6\uff0c\u82b1\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u5b69\u5b50\u6c9f\u901a&#8211;\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u4e00\u5982\u65e2\u5f80\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u503e\u542c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 &#8220;<em>\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u6e29\u6696\u548c\u6c89\u9ed8&#8221;\uff08PWS\uff09<\/em>\u6765\u8d2f\u5f7b\u59cb\u7ec8\u3002\u907f\u514d\u76d8\u95ee\u6216\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u7684<em>\u597d\u5947\u5bf9\u8bdd\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/em>\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u5b69\u5b50\u51b7\u9759\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u8bf4\u51fa\u4f60\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8d23\u602a\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c<em>&#8220;\u4f60\u597d\u50cf\u89c9\u5f97\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4f24\u5bb3 &#8220;<\/em>\u6216<em>&#8220;\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5bf9\u52b2&#8221;\u3002 <\/em>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u72af\u4e86\u9519\uff0c\u8981\u53ca\u65f6\u5f25\u8865\u3002\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\u51b7\u9759\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u5728\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e4b\u524d\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c<em>&#8220;\u6211\u5f88\u9ad8\u5174\u4f60\u51b3\u5b9a\u56de\u6765\u3002\u4f60\u611f\u89c9\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u5236\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u5427&#8221;\u3002<\/em>\u9f13\u52b1\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e2d\u8fc8\u51fa\u5c0f\u6b65\uff0c&#8221;\u4f60\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u5730\u7406\u8bfe\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u597d&#8221;\u3002<em>\u62a5\u590d<\/em>\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u907f\u514d\u4ee5\u4e0b\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u516c\u5f00\u7ea0\u6b63\u6216\u5bf9\u6297\u3001\u5f3a\u8feb\u53c2\u4e0e\u3001\u80c1\u8feb\u6c9f\u901a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u3002        <\/p><p><strong>\u5047\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8db3\uff08\u4e0d\u8981\u653e\u5f03\u6211&#8211;\u8ba9\u6211\u8fc8\u51fa\u4e00\u5c0f\u6b65\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u62b1\u6709 &#8220;<em>\u5047\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5145\u5206<\/em>&#8220;\u8fd9\u4e00\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5f80\u5f80\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u88ab\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u514d\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e0d\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u3002\u88ab\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u52aa\u529b\u3001\u653e\u5f03\u3001\u4e0d\u9009\u62e9\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u770b\u7740\u522b\u4eba\u3001\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u4ea4\u6216\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u56de\u907f\u793e\u4ea4\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u98ce\u9669\u3001\u653e\u5f03\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u4e92\u52a8\u3001\u9000\u7f29\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u6210\u4eba\u3001\u56de\u7b54 &#8220;\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053&#8221;\u3001\u987a\u4ece\u548c\u6781\u5c11\u52aa\u529b\u3002 <\/p><p>\u56de\u5e94\uff1a\u82b1\u65f6\u95f4\u6559\u6388\u843d\u540e\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u5c06\u6311\u6218\u5206\u89e3\u6210 &#8220;<em>\u5c0f\u6b65\u9aa4&#8221;<\/em>\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u6559\u4e00\u5c0f\u6b65\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6559\u5b69\u5b50\u81ea\u5df1\u628a\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u5c0f\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u5bf9\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7ed9\u4e88\u8be6\u7ec6\u3001\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u3002\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u72af\u9519\u548c\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 &#8220;<em>\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898<\/em>&#8220;\u8fdb\u884c\u6c47\u62a5\u3002\u4e00\u8d77\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5173\u6ce8\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u957f\u5904\u3002\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u957f\u5904\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u907f\u514d\u601c\u60af\u3001\u65bd\u538b\u6216\u964d\u4f4e\u671f\u671b\u503c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9a\u9650\u5236\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8f6e\u5230\u6211\u770b\u7740\u4f60\u4e86&#8221;\u3002<\/em>\u6ce8\u91cd\u52aa\u529b\u800c\u975e\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u907f\u514d\u62ef\u6551\u548c\u8868\u626c\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u9650\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u968f\u7740\u5b69\u5b50\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6269\u5927\u9009\u62e9\u8303\u56f4\u3002<em>\u4e00\u8d77\u505a\u3001\u9760\u8fd1\u505a\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u505a<\/em>\u3002\u5728\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u6162\u6162\u589e\u52a0\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002\u4ece\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7528\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6765\u9f13\u52b1\u5b69\u5b50<em>\uff1a&#8221;\u5f53\u4f60\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u9898\u7b54\u6848\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u8d70\u56de\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4f60\u6570\u9519\u4e86\u5341\u4f4d\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e86\u9519\u8bef&#8221;\u3002 <\/em>\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4ee5\u8eab\u4f5c\u5219\uff0c\u53cb\u5584\u5730\u9762\u5bf9\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5e7d\u9ed8\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5e38\u89c4\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002                <\/p><p><strong>\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206<\/strong><\/p><p>\u5728\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u738b\u51a0\u548c\u57ce\u5821\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u5979\u9700\u8981\u505a\u70b9\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u592a\u8fdf\u4e86\u3002\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u73ed\u4e0a\u6709\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7537\u5b69\u4e5f\u6709\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5979\u73ed\u4e0a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7537\u5b69\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5979\u76f4\u5230\u540e\u6765\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u544a\u8bc9\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u4f20\u5f00\u4e86\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u6210\u529f\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b69\u5b50\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5584\u4e8e\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u81ea\u4fe1\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u5bb6\u957f\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e27\u5931\u6b86\u5c3d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7537\u5b69\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u6765\u3002    <\/p><p>\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5979\u9700\u8981\u4e3b\u52a8\u51fa\u51fb\u3002\u5979\u5f00\u59cb\u6bcf\u5929\u4e0e\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u5927\u7ea6 8-10 \u5206\u949f\uff0c\u6559\u5979\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u683c\u857e\u4e1d\u548c\u793c\u8c8c\u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3001\u8bf4<em>\u4e0d\u3001 <\/em>\u8981\u6c42\u8f6e\u6362\u3001\u4e3b\u52a8\u4ea4\u8c08\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u754c\u9650\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\u3002 <\/p><p>\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u8fd8\u5bfb\u627e\u673a\u4f1a\u5bf9 &#8220;\u5fae\u52a8\u4f5c &#8220;\u7ed9\u4e88\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u5f53\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u8d77\u8eab\u53bb\u62ff\u6c34\u676f\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u62a2\u4e86\u5979\u5403\u96f6\u98df\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a&#8221;\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u6211\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8bf7\u7b49\u6211\u5403\u5b8c\u518d\u8d70\u3002&#8221;\u90a3\u5929\u665a\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u628a\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u62c9\u5230\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\uff0c\u6211\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u65e9\u4e0a\u5403\u70b9\u5fc3\u65f6\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u5360\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u56de\u5230\u5ea7\u4f4d\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u8ddf\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4e86\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7b49\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u4f60\u611f\u89c9\u5982\u4f55\uff1f&#8221;<\/em>\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u534a\u7b11\u7740\u8bf4\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u5f88\u597d\u3002&#8221;<\/em>  <\/p><p>\u8fd9\u4e9b &#8220;\u5fae\u52a8\u4f5c &#8220;\u4ecd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8ba8\u8bba&#8211;\u4e0a\u8bfe\u548c\u73ed\u4f1a&#8211;\u65b9\u9762\u83b7\u5f97\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u548c\u5979\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u6210\u4e86\u4fa6\u63a2&#8211;\u603b\u662f\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u5728<em>\u73ed <\/em>\u4f1a\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u8fd8\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba9\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u63d0\u524d\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u5728\u8bfe\u4e0a\u5206\u4eab\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u522b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f&#8211;\u6bd4\u5982\u4ece\u64cd\u573a\u4e0a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u7247\u7279\u522b\u7684\u6811\u53f6\uff0c\u5728\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u8bfe\u4e0a\u7b80\u5355\u5206\u4eab\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002   <\/p><p>\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u5e76\u4e0d\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u5bf9\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u5df2\u7ecf\u771f\u6b63\u7efd\u653e\u3002\u4eca\u5e74 5 \u6708\uff0c\u79bb\u5b66\u6821\u653e\u5047\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u5728\u6253\u626b\u536b\u751f\u95f4\u65f6\u8138\u4e0a\u9732\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e1d\u6cae\u4e27\u7684\u795e\u60c5&#8211;\u8fd9\u662f\u5979\u6bcf\u5929\u4e0b\u8bfe\u540e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u8d70\u8fd1\u5979\uff0c\u8bc4\u8bba\u9053\uff1a&#8221;\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f60\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u6cae\u4e27&#8221;\u3002\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u8bf4\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u4eba\u4eec\u628a\u7eb8\u5dfe\u6254\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6254\u8fdb\u5783\u573e\u6876\u3002\u592a\u6076\u5fc3\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u518d\u5e2e\u522b\u4eba\u6253\u626b\u536b\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u5783\u573e\u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff01&#8221;<\/em>    <\/p><p>\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u592a\u6fc0\u52a8\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a<em>&#8220;\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u4f60\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u4ed6\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u6253\u626b\u536b\u751f\u95f4\u65f6\u4e5f\u9047\u5230\u8fc7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u632b\u6298\u3002\u4f60\u613f\u610f\u628a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5217\u5165\u73ed\u4f1a\u8bae\u7a0b\u5417\uff1f&#8221; <\/em> \u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u5979\u53ea\u662f\u8d70\u8fc7\u6559\u5ba4\uff0c\u5728<em>\u73ed\u4f1a <\/em>\u8bae\u7a0b\u4e0a\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#8211;\u8fd9\u662f\u5979\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\uff01 <\/p><p>\u4e00\u5468\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5728<em>\u73ed\u4f1a\u4e0a <\/em>\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u7528\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c11\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u6cae\u4e27\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u8fd8\u662f\u8bf4\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5168\u73ed\u540c\u5b66\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u7528\u5e03\u6bdb\u5dfe\u64e6\u624b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6bdb\u5dfe\u5806\u65c1\u8fb9\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7bee\u5b50\uff01\u8fd9\u5bf9\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002  <\/p><p>\u867d\u7136\u83ab\u59ae\u5361\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u6700\u76f4\u8a00\u4e0d\u8bb3\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5979\u6bd5\u4e1a\u65f6\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u5979\u5df2\u7ecf\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7279\u5f81\uff01<\/p><p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><\/p><p>Chen, D. W., Fein, G. G., Killen, M., &amp; Tam, H. P. (2001).\u5b66\u9f84\u524d\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u540c\u4f34\u51b2\u7a81\uff1a\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u53d1\u751f\u7387\u548c\u4e0e\u5e74\u9f84\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<em>Early Education and Development, 12<\/em>(4), 523-544. <\/p><p>Coplan, R. J., Rubin, K. H., Fox, N. A., Calkins, S. D., &amp; Stewart, S. (1994).\u72ec\u5904\u3001\u72ec\u73a9\u548c\u72ec\u884c\uff1a\u533a\u5206\u5e7c\u513f\u7684\u6c89\u9ed8\u5be1\u8a00\u3001\u88ab\u52a8\u5b64\u72ec\u548c\u4e3b\u52a8\u5b64\u72ec\u3002<em>Child Development, 65<\/em>, 129-137. <\/p><p>Dreikurs, R., &amp; Grey, L. (1982).<em>\u513f\u7ae5\uff1aThe challenge<\/em>.Hawthorn Books. <\/p><p>Montessori, M. (1967).<em>\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u300b<\/em>\uff08M. J. Costelloe \u8bd1\uff09\u3002Ballantine Books.(\u539f\u8457 1948 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff09  <\/p><p>Nelsen, J., DeLorenzo, C. (2021)\u300a<em>\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1\u6559\u300b\u3002 <\/em>\u4eb2\u5b50\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p><p>Nelson, L. J., Rubin, K. H., &amp; Fox, N. A. (2005).\u793e\u4f1a\u9000\u7f29\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u540c\u4f34\u63a5\u53d7\u4ee5\u53ca 4-7 \u5c81\u513f\u7ae5\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<em>\u5e7c\u513f\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b\uff0c20<\/em>\uff082\uff09\uff0c185-200\u3002 <\/p><p>Parray, W. M., &amp; Kumar, S. (2022)\u3002\u81ea\u4fe1\u8bad\u7ec3\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u81ea\u5c0a\u3001\u538b\u529b\u3001\u5b66\u4e1a\u6210\u7ee9\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a\u4e00\u9879\u51c6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u3002<em>\u5de5\u4e1a\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c2<\/em>\uff082\uff09\uff0c83-90\u3002 <\/p><p>Rubin, K. H., Coplan, R. J., &amp; Bowker, J. C. (2009)\u3002\u7ae5\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u9000\u7f29\u3002<em>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5e74\u5ea6\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\uff0c60<\/em>\uff0c141-171\u3002 <\/p><p><strong>\u5947\u666e-\u5fb7\u6d1b\u4f26\u4f50\uff08Chip DeLorenzo<\/strong>\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u5b66\u6821\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u300a<em>\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1\u6559<\/em>\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u5408\u8457\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u548c\u793e\u533a\u3002 <\/p><p><strong> <\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a9 <\/strong>2026 \u5947\u666e-\u5fb7\u6d1b\u4f26\u4f50<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u57f9\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u4ece\u4e8b\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u505a\u597d\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u6216\u6d88\u6781\u88ab\u52a8\u3002 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14761,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[227],"tags":[329,476,475,325,473,474,477,328],"class_list":["post-14760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-227","tag-329","tag-476","tag-475","tag-325","tag-473","tag-474","tag-477","tag-328"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u88ab\u52a8\uff1a\u5728\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u9000\u7f29\u548c\u5bb3\u7f9e\u7684\u513f\u7ae5 - Positive Discipline in the Montessori Classroom<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1\u6559\u3001\u4f18\u96c5\u4e0e\u793c\u8c8c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9002\u5408\u513f\u7ae5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5bb3\u7f9e\u3001\u5b64\u50fb\u6216\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u3002\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u88ab\u52a8\uff1a\u5728\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u9000\u7f29\u548c\u5bb3\u7f9e\u7684\u513f\u7ae5 - Positive Discipline in the Montessori Classroom\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1\u6559\u3001\u4f18\u96c5\u4e0e\u793c\u8c8c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9002\u5408\u513f\u7ae5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5bb3\u7f9e\u3001\u5b64\u50fb\u6216\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u3002\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Positive Discipline in the Montessori Classroom\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-02-01T05:25:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-09T15:31:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Shy-Child.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"940\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"788\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cdelorenzo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cdelorenzo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cdelorenzo\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6fe7f5e60448a153558c6debd6fef310\"},\"headline\":\"\u88ab\u52a8\uff1a\u5728\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u9000\u7f29\u548c\u5bb3\u7f9e\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-01T05:25:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-09T15:31:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":181,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6b4869f122ec229aca6c597b8b59f661\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/Shy-Child.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"\u5947\u666e-\u5fb7\u6d1b\u4f26\u4f50\",\"\u5b64\u50fb\u513f\u7ae5\",\"\u5bb3\u7f9e\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\",\"\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u5b66\u79d1\",\"\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u5ba4\",\"\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1\u6559--\u5bbd\u5bb9\u4e0e\u793c\u8c8c\",\"\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\",\"\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1\u6559\"],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u88ab\u52a8\uff1a\u5728\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u9000\u7f29\u548c\u5bb3\u7f9e\u7684\u513f\u7ae5 - Positive Discipline in the Montessori Classroom\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/Shy-Child.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-01T05:25:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-09T15:31:44+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1\u6559\u3001\u4f18\u96c5\u4e0e\u793c\u8c8c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9002\u5408\u513f\u7ae5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5bb3\u7f9e\u3001\u5b64\u50fb\u6216\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u3002\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/Shy-Child.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/Shy-Child.jpg\",\"width\":940,\"height\":788},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/%e5%85%89%e7%9b%98%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%b5\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u88ab\u52a8\uff1a\u5728\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u9000\u7f29\u548c\u5bb3\u7f9e\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/\",\"name\":\"Positive Discipline in the Montessori Classroom\",\"description\":\"Positive Discipline training for Montessori educators\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6b4869f122ec229aca6c597b8b59f661\"},\"alternateName\":\"PDMC Montessori\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6b4869f122ec229aca6c597b8b59f661\",\"name\":\"Chip DeLorenzo\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/cropped-PDMC-Website-Logo-1-1.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/cropped-PDMC-Website-Logo-1-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/cropped-PDMC-Website-Logo-1-1.png\",\"width\":1554,\"height\":395,\"caption\":\"Chip DeLorenzo\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/cropped-PDMC-Website-Logo-1-1.png\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6fe7f5e60448a153558c6debd6fef310\",\"name\":\"cdelorenzo\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8ff837c69ccfff61edf7dcb981cccfac887b6d0aa9ce1d30772653d647c5dce6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8ff837c69ccfff61edf7dcb981cccfac887b6d0aa9ce1d30772653d647c5dce6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8ff837c69ccfff61edf7dcb981cccfac887b6d0aa9ce1d30772653d647c5dce6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"cdelorenzo\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pdmc-montessori.org\\\/zh-hans\\\/author\\\/cdelorenzo\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u88ab\u52a8\uff1a\u5728\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u9000\u7f29\u548c\u5bb3\u7f9e\u7684\u513f\u7ae5 - Positive Discipline in the Montessori Classroom","description":"\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1\u6559\u3001\u4f18\u96c5\u4e0e\u793c\u8c8c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9002\u5408\u513f\u7ae5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5bb3\u7f9e\u3001\u5b64\u50fb\u6216\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u3002","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/","og_locale":"zh_CN","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u88ab\u52a8\uff1a\u5728\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u9000\u7f29\u548c\u5bb3\u7f9e\u7684\u513f\u7ae5 - Positive Discipline in the Montessori Classroom","og_description":"\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1\u6559\u3001\u4f18\u96c5\u4e0e\u793c\u8c8c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9002\u5408\u513f\u7ae5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5bb3\u7f9e\u3001\u5b64\u50fb\u6216\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u3002","og_url":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/","og_site_name":"Positive Discipline in the Montessori Classroom","article_published_time":"2026-02-01T05:25:08+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-02-09T15:31:44+00:00","og_image":[{"width":940,"height":788,"url":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Shy-Child.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"cdelorenzo","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"cdelorenzo","Est. reading time":"1 \u5206"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/"},"author":{"name":"cdelorenzo","@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/#\/schema\/person\/6fe7f5e60448a153558c6debd6fef310"},"headline":"\u88ab\u52a8\uff1a\u5728\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u9000\u7f29\u548c\u5bb3\u7f9e\u7684\u513f\u7ae5","datePublished":"2026-02-01T05:25:08+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-09T15:31:44+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/"},"wordCount":181,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/#\/schema\/person\/6b4869f122ec229aca6c597b8b59f661"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Shy-Child.jpg","keywords":["\u5947\u666e-\u5fb7\u6d1b\u4f26\u4f50","\u5b64\u50fb\u513f\u7ae5","\u5bb3\u7f9e\u7684\u5b69\u5b50","\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u5b66\u79d1","\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u5ba4","\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1\u6559--\u5bbd\u5bb9\u4e0e\u793c\u8c8c","\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55","\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1\u6559"],"inLanguage":"zh-Hans"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/","url":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/","name":"\u88ab\u52a8\uff1a\u5728\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u9000\u7f29\u548c\u5bb3\u7f9e\u7684\u513f\u7ae5 - Positive Discipline in the Montessori Classroom","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Shy-Child.jpg","datePublished":"2026-02-01T05:25:08+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-09T15:31:44+00:00","description":"\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u6b63\u9762\u7ba1\u6559\u3001\u4f18\u96c5\u4e0e\u793c\u8c8c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9002\u5408\u513f\u7ae5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5bb3\u7f9e\u3001\u5b64\u50fb\u6216\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u3002","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"zh-Hans","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Shy-Child.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Shy-Child.jpg","width":940,"height":788},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e8%a2%ab%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e8%92%99%e7%89%b9%e6%a2%ad%e5%88%a9%e8%af%be%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8a%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e9%80%80%e7%bc%a9%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%b3%e7%be%9e%e7%9a%84%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/%e5%85%89%e7%9b%98%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%b5\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u88ab\u52a8\uff1a\u5728\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u9000\u7f29\u548c\u5bb3\u7f9e\u7684\u513f\u7ae5"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/#website","url":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/","name":"Positive Discipline in the Montessori Classroom","description":"Positive Discipline training for Montessori educators","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/#\/schema\/person\/6b4869f122ec229aca6c597b8b59f661"},"alternateName":"PDMC Montessori","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"zh-Hans"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/#\/schema\/person\/6b4869f122ec229aca6c597b8b59f661","name":"Chip DeLorenzo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/cropped-PDMC-Website-Logo-1-1.png","url":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/cropped-PDMC-Website-Logo-1-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/cropped-PDMC-Website-Logo-1-1.png","width":1554,"height":395,"caption":"Chip DeLorenzo"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/cropped-PDMC-Website-Logo-1-1.png"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/#\/schema\/person\/6fe7f5e60448a153558c6debd6fef310","name":"cdelorenzo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8ff837c69ccfff61edf7dcb981cccfac887b6d0aa9ce1d30772653d647c5dce6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8ff837c69ccfff61edf7dcb981cccfac887b6d0aa9ce1d30772653d647c5dce6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8ff837c69ccfff61edf7dcb981cccfac887b6d0aa9ce1d30772653d647c5dce6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"cdelorenzo"},"url":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/author\/cdelorenzo\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Shy-Child.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14760"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14760\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14761"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdmc-montessori.org\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}