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 <\/div>\n

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\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u540e\u679c\u662f\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u7684\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6b3a\u51cc\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4e25\u8083\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd–\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u9010\u51fa\u793e\u533a\u3001\u60e9\u7f5a\u6027\u548c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\u5904\u5206–\u5f00\u59cb\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u80b2\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u513f\u7ae5\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u9a7e\u9a6d\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u6001\u3001\u57f9\u517b\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u5e94\u53d8\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u5bf9\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5bbd\u6cdb\u65f6\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6b3a\u51cc\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u548c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u6b3a\u51cc\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u3001\u6709\u610f\u56fe\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6de1\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4f24\u5bb3\u6084\u65e0\u58f0\u606f\u5730\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u6559\u5e08–\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9762\u5bf9\u5bb6\u957f\u5bf9\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u9891\u7e41\u6307\u8d23–\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u53d8\u5f97\u9ebb\u6728\u4e0d\u4ec1\uff0c\u5f53\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6b3a\u51cc\u60c5\u51b5\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u6b3a\u51cc\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4fb5\u72af\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e4b\u4e00\u5728\u4e8e\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e3a\u53d7\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u63d0\u4f9b\u8eab\u5fc3\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u624d\u662f\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u533a\u53c2\u4e0e\u5728\u5185\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u3002\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6210\u4eba\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u652f\u67b6\u5f0f\u652f\u6301\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u6b3a\u51cc<\/h3>\n
 <\/div>\n

\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u8d77\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e39-\u5965\u5c14\u97e6\u65af\uff08Dan Olweus\uff09\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u7528\u4e09\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u6b3a\u51cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u5907\u624d\u80fd\u7b26\u5408\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08Olweus, 1993\uff09\uff1a <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u610f\u56fe– <\/strong>\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u3001\u6545\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u6216\u5076\u7136\u7684\u3002\u4f24\u5bb3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u3002 <\/li>\n
  2. \u91cd\u590d – <\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u662f\u60c5\u5883\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 <\/li>\n
  3. \u6743\u529b\u5931\u8861– <\/strong>\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u5bf9\u88ab\u6b3a\u51cc\u513f\u7ae5\u62e5\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u6216\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u9488\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4e45\u800c\u4e45\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u56e0\u6743\u529b\u5931\u8861\u800c\u5f3a\u5316\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53d7\u5230\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u5f88\u96be\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u611f\u5230\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u6b3a\u51cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u9488\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u672c\u6587\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5362\u5361\u65af\u3002\u6b3a\u51cc\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u540c\u4f34\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u6b3a\u51cc\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u80a2\u4f53\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u5a01\u80c1\u3001\u5b64\u7acb\u548c\u620f\u5f04\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u5173\u7cfb\u6b3a\u51cc\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u84c4\u610f\u6392\u65a5\u3001\u6d41\u8a00\u871a\u8bed\u548c\u64cd\u7eb5\u53cb\u8c0a\u3002\u4f46\u6b3a\u51cc\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u6b3a\u51cc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f24\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff1a\u957f\u671f\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u9020\u6210\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5f53\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u540d\u513f\u7ae5\u53c2\u4e0e\u6b3a\u51cc\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ee5\u8be5\u513f\u7ae5\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e00\u8d77\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6b3a\u51cc\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u5907\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u76ee\u53d1\u8d77\u5e76\u6307\u6325\u4f24\u5bb3\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5934\u76ee\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u793e\u4f1a\u4fb5\u7565<\/h3>\n
     <\/div>\n

    \u793e\u4f1a\u4fb5\u7565\uff08\u89c1\u5173\u4e8e \u620f\u5f04<\/a>\uff09\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u50cf\u6b3a\u51cc\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u4f24\u5bb3\u6027\u548c\u84c4\u610f\u6027\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba4\u771f\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u653b\u51fb–\u867d\u7136\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u6216\u84c4\u610f\u7684–\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u8bf7\u770b\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u5c0f\u5b66\u4f4e\u5e74\u7ea7\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6545\u610f\u4e0d\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\u53c2\u52a0\u8bfe\u95f4\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e9\u65e9\u5c31\u8ba1\u5212\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u5b69\u5b50\u8981\u6c42\u73a9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u53ea\u6709 “\u9ad8\u624b “\u624d\u80fd\u73a9\u3002\u4ed6\u6df1\u53d7\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u91cc\uff0c\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u8f6e\u6362–\u4ed6\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u660e\u5929\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u3002\u542c\u5230\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u5fc3\u788e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u8054\u7cfb\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u62c5\u5fc3\u4ed6\u53d7\u5230\u6b3a\u8d1f\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u5417\uff1f\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u4f24\u5bb3\u6027\u5417\uff1f\u662f\u7684\u3002\u662f\u6b3a\u51cc\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\u662f–\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u7279\u5f81–\u7279\u522b\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u9488\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861–\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6210\u4eba\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u6210\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u53d1\u5c55\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u3001\u590d\u539f\u529b\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u9a7e\u9a6d\u53cb\u8c0a\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81<\/h3>\n
     <\/div>\n

    \u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\uff08\u89c1\u5173\u4e8e \u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81<\/a>\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u884c\u4e3a–\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5173\u5fc3\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5bb6\u957f\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u5ba4\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9020\u6210\u6301\u4e45\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u4f24\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u9884\u8c0b\u7684\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u867d\u7136\u51b2\u7a81\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f–\u8bb8\u591a\u6559\u5ba4\u90fd\u719f\u6089\u7684\u51b7\u70ed\u6001\u52bf–\u4f46\u51b2\u7a81\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u60c5\u5883\u6027\u548c\u6682\u65f6\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u5728\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53c2\u4e0e\u51b2\u7a81\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5178\u578b\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u8270\u96be\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9a7e\u9a6d\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u6001\u3001\u4e89\u8bba\u548c\u5931\u548c\uff0c\u662f\u7ae5\u5e74\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5386\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u6297\u538b\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u3001\u5bbd\u6055\u3001\u81ea\u4fe1\u548c\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6280\u5de7\u3002 <\/p>\n


    <\/h2>

    \u533a\u522b\u4e3a\u4f55\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981<\/h2>\n

    \u533a\u5206\u6b3a\u51cc\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4fb5\u72af\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u884c\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u793e\u4f1a\u4fb5\u72af\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u5f53\u4f5c\u6b3a\u51cc\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6210\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fc7\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u5265\u593a\u76f8\u5173\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60\u91cd\u8981\u793e\u4ea4\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b3a\u51cc\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4fb5\u72af\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6210\u4eba\u5047\u5b9a\u513f\u7ae5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u8fc7\u4e8e\u8f7b\u7387\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e24\u4e2a\u513f\u7ae5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u53d7\u5230\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff08Menesini & Salmivalli, 2017\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6210\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u6709\u6548\u548c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u9884\u9632\u6b3a\u51cc\uff08Gafney et al.\uff09 <\/p>\n

    \u5728\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u652f\u6301\u6211\u4eec\u7684 “\u6709\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u6210\u4eba “\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u51b2\u7a81\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u89c2\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06\u5b69\u5b50\u5f03\u4e4b\u4e0d\u987e\uff0c\u4efb\u7531\u4ed6\u4eba\u6b8b\u9177\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4ed4\u7ec6\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u51c6\u5907\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5b69\u5b50\u3001\u793e\u533a\u548c\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

     <\/h2>\n

    \u6b3a\u51cc\u52a8\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272<\/h2>\n
    \n

    \u867d\u7136\u6b3a\u51cc\u52a8\u6001\u4ee5\u6b3a\u51cc\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u88ab\u6b3a\u51cc\u513f\u7ae5\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u73ed\u7ea7\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08Salmivalli et al.\uff0c1996\uff09\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b3a\u51cc\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7531\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e3b\u52a8\u6216\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u52a0\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \u60f3\u60f3\u5362\u5361\u65af\u548c\u9a6c\u62c9\u3002\u6b3a\u51cc\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5468\u56f4\u793e\u533a\u7684\u9ed8\u9ed8\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5b69\u5b50\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u9192\u6210\u4eba–\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5bb3\u6015\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff08Salmivalli\uff0c2010 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u739b\u62c9\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u5979\u5411\u5979\u503e\u8bc9\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fc3\u4e8b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u4e0e\u5362\u5361\u65af\u5bf9\u5cd9\u4e86\u51e0\u6b21\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u5413\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u91c7\u53d6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6562\u544a\u8bc9\u5927\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u6253\u7b97\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e86\u3002\u5362\u5361\u65af\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u8d28\u7591\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6b3a\u51cc\u52a8\u6001\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f–\u4e0d\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u6b3a\u51cc\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6c89\u9ed8\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff08Salmivalli et al.\uff09<\/p>\n

    \u4f1a\u6b3a\u8d1f\u4eba\u7684\u5b69\u5b50<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u6b3a\u8d1f\u4eba\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u4f24\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\u548c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8005\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4f24\u5bb3\u770b\u4f3c\u53ea\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u52a8\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5374\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u8005\uff08Salmivalli et al.\uff0c1996\uff09\u3002\u6b3a\u8d1f\u4eba\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u62db\u52df\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u5145\u5f53\u5934\u76ee–\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5fae\u5999\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u88ab\u7fa4\u4f53\u52a8\u6001\u6240\u63a9\u76d6\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u6210\u4eba\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u5fc5\u987b\u76f4\u63a5\u800c\u575a\u51b3\u5730\u9488\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7262\u8bb0 Dreikurs \u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7aef\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u5fc3\u7070\u610f\u51b7\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u6b3a\u8d1f\u4eba\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6b3a\u51cc\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b69\u5b50\u610f\u5473\u7740\u76f4\u63a5\u5236\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u5728\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u9014\u5f84\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u7ae5\u5e74\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u7ecf\u5386\u4e0e\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb–\u5362\u5361\u65af\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff08Cook et al.\uff09\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u501f\u53e3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u75db\u82e6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd–\u65e2\u4eb2\u5207\u53c8\u575a\u5b9a–\u65e2\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u884c\u4e3a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u9a71\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002 <\/p>\n

     <\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u76ee\u6807\u513f\u7ae5<\/strong><\/h3>

    \u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u662f\u53cd\u590d\u6545\u610f\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff08Olweus\uff0c1993 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u65e0\u6743\u4f53\u9a8c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u5728\u5173\u6ce8\u6216\u9ed8\u8bb8\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u52a0\u6df1\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u6b3a\u51cc\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u7f9e\u6127\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u9694\u7edd\uff08Olweus\uff0c1993 \u5e74\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u6210\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u76ee\u6807\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd–\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a “\u6210\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u513f\u7ae5”\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f “\u76ee\u6807”\u3002\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u513f\u7ae5\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u4fe1\u548c\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6811\u7acb\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ed6\u4eec\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u8ffd\u968f\u8005<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7b11\u58f0\u3001\u9f13\u52b1\u548c\u5bf9\u6b3a\u51cc\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u5173\u6ce8\u4ece\u65c1\u52a0\u5f3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff08Salmivalli et al.\uff09\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u652f\u6301\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u8fd9\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u6050\u60e7–\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bb3\u6015\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff08Salmivalli\uff0c2010 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u652f\u6301\u626e\u6f14\u8fd9\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u57f9\u517b\u4ed6\u4eec\u6536\u56de\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u8ba4\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u62b5\u5236\u8d1f\u9762\u540c\u4f34\u538b\u529b\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u65c1\u89c2\u8005<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u5728\u6b3a\u51cc\u52a8\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u79c1\u4e0b\u91cc\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6c89\u9ed8\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u53ef\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff08Salmivalli et al.\uff09\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e0e\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u5bb3\u6015\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff08Salmivalli\uff0c2010 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u652f\u6301\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\u6216\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u4fe1\u5fc3–\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u76ee\u51fb\u8005\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u634d\u536b\u8005<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\u79ef\u6781\u652f\u6301\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5e72\u9884\u3001\u7ed9\u4e88\u5b89\u6170\u6216\u5bfb\u6c42\u6210\u4eba\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\u4e5f\u80fd\u6781\u5927\u5730\u7834\u574f\u6b3a\u51cc\u52a8\u6001\uff08Salmivalli \u7b49\u4eba\uff0c1996 \u5e74\uff09–\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6210\u4eba\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e00\u89d2\u8272\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6210\u4eba\u5c06\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u89c6\u4e3a “\u544a\u5bc6 “\u800c\u4e0d\u4e88\u7406\u776c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u8bd5\u56fe\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5931\u53bb\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5728\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u5411\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u53d1\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u3002\u652f\u6301\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9f13\u52b1\u548c\u80af\u5b9a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u548c\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u7684\u699c\u6837–\u8fd9\u662f\u5c06\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c4\u8303\u4ece\u5bb9\u5fcd\u8f6c\u5411\u95ee\u8d23\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u6210\u4eba\u80fd\u5426\u5728\u6b3a\u51cc\u52a8\u6001\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u89d2\u8272\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u662f\u7684–\u5f53\u7136\u3002\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6211\u4eb2\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u6216\u65e0\u80fd\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a8\u6001–\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5e74\u7ea7\u5b66\u751f\u5f88\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u65f6\u3002\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u5c0f\u5b66\u9ad8\u5e74\u7ea7\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u5979\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5708\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6084\u6084\u5730\u6307\u6325\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u6b3a\u8d1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8001\u5e08–\u62d2\u7edd\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u9000\u51fa\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u5632\u7b11\u5979\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6e10\u62db\u52df\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9700\u8981\u7acb\u5373\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u52a8\u6001\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5b69\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u626e\u6f14\u591a\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u662f\u7684\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u7c7b\u513f\u7ae5\u540c\u65f6\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u4e24\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u6b3a\u51cc\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u5c06\u76ee\u6807\u5bf9\u51c6\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u5c11\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cc\u91cd\u89d2\u8272\u53ef\u80fd\u7279\u522b\u96be\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5929\u5185\u4ee5\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u6b3a\u51cc\u52a8\u6001\u4e2d\u3002\u626e\u6f14\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cc\u91cd\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u4e5f\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u957f\u671f\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b3a\u51cc\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u533a\u522b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d7\u76ca\u532a\u6d45\u3002(\u5965\u5c14\u97e6\u65af\uff0c1993 \u5e74\uff1b\u65bd\u74e6\u8328\uff0c2000 \u5e74\uff09\u3002 <\/p>


    <\/p>\n

    \u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u8499\u7279\u68ad\u5229\u53d1\u5c55\u8ba1\u5212<\/h2>\n

    \u5b66\u6b65\u513f\u7ae5\uff080-3 \u5c81\uff09<\/strong>–\u5728\u5b66\u6b65\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6b3a\u51cc\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b66\u6b65\u513f\u7ae5\u4f1a\u6709\u80a2\u4f53\u6216\u8a00\u8bed\u4e0a\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5229\u7528\u6743\u529b\u5931\u8861\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff08Tremblay\uff0c2000 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6253\u4eba\u3001\u54ac\u4eba\u6216\u63a8\u4eba\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u907f\u5f00\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6216\u4f20\u8fbe\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4f24\u5bb3\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e3a\u4e4b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e74\u9f84\u6bb5\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u6280\u80fd\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u719f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u6388\u793e\u4ea4\u548c\u6c9f\u901a\u6280\u5de7\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5bfc\u3001\u8f6c\u79fb\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u652f\u6301\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u513f\u7ae5\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff083-6 \u5c81\uff09<\/strong>–\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u540e\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u5f00\u59cb\u505a\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5f53\u513f\u7ae5\u63a5\u8fd1 4-5 \u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u793e\u4ea4\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u6df7\u6dc6\uff08Crick & Grotpeter, 1995\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6392\u65a5\uff08”\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u6765\u53c2\u52a0\u6211\u7684\u751f\u65e5\u805a\u4f1a”\uff09\u6216\u5229\u7528\u53cb\u8c0a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5a01\u80c1\uff08”\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u662f\u574f\u4eba\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u73a9”\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e74\u9f84\u6bb5\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u9884\u8c0b\u7684–\u662f\u7531\u793e\u4ea4\u5a01\u80c1\u3001\u60c5\u5883\u53cd\u5e94\u6216\u5931\u8c03\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u6743\u529b\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u60c5\u5883\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u4e4b\u5bb6\u7684\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e2a\u521a\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u7684 6 \u5c81\u513f\u7ae5\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u6c9f\u901a\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u5f97\u8db3\u591f\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u4e0e\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a–\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f60\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4ecd\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u793e\u4ea4\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u662f\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u524d\u5146\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u5305\u62ec\u52a0\u5f3a\u76d1\u7763\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u6559\u6388\u793e\u4ea4\u548c\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6280\u5de7\u3001\u652f\u6301\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u533a\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5c0f\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\uff086-12 \u5c81<\/strong>\uff09–\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\uff08Olweus, 1993\uff09\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u80fd\u529b\u90fd\u5df2\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65bd\u6709\u9884\u8c0b\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u8fdb\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u7684\u654f\u611f\u671f\uff0c\u540c\u4f34\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u968f\u7740\u513f\u7ae5\u5bf9\u73ed\u96c6\u4f53\u4e2d\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u6df1\uff0c\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u6df1\uff0c\u4f24\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u84c4\u610f\u3002\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20–\u84c4\u610f\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u548c\u6743\u529b\u5931\u8861–\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b3a\u51cc\u513f\u7ae5\u6b66\u5668\u5316\u3002\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u4f1a\u9694\u79bb\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u3001\u4eba\u8eab\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u5a01\u80c1\u3001\u6d41\u8a00\u871a\u8bed\u3001\u620f\u5f04\u548c\u5632\u7b11\u3002\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u5305\u62ec\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6027\u5e72\u9884\u3001\u5bf9\u53d7\u6b3a\u51cc\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u652f\u6301\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u548c\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u3001\u73ed\u7ea7\u793e\u533a\u5bf9\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u7684\u4fee\u590d\u548c\u9884\u9632\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u9752\u6625\u671f\uff0812-18 \u5c81\uff09<\/strong>–\u5904\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u53c2\u4e0e\u6b3a\u51cc\u6216\u6210\u4e3a\u6b3a\u51cc\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u8f83\u9ad8\uff08Espelage & Swearer, 2003\uff09\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6b3a\u51cc\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9752\u6625\u671f\u65e9\u671f\u6700\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u65f6\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u540c\u9f84\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u6700\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u4e5f\u6700\u4e3a\u523b\u610f–\u8ffd\u6c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u6216\u7ef4\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u53d7\u4eba\u6b22\u8fce\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7684\u73af\u5883\u662f\u6ecb\u751f\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6c83\u571f\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6b3a\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u8eab\u4f53\u652f\u914d\u3001\u6d41\u8a00\u871a\u8bed\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b64\u7acb\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6b3a\u51cc\u3001\u5632\u5f04\u548c\u5bf9\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u8eab\u4efd\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u654f\u611f\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8eab\u4efd\u6210\u4e3a\u6b3a\u51cc\u6240\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5931\u8861\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807–\u5bf9\u5bb6\u5ead\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8eab\u4efd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u957f\u671f\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u706b\u4e0a\u6d47\u6cb9\u7684\u52a8\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u6709\u8131\u79bb\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u5f3a\u70c8\u6e34\u671b\u540c\u9f84\u4eba\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u3002\u53d7\u5230\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5411\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u503e\u8bc9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u62a5\u544a\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bb3\u6015\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u88ab\u5b64\u7acb\uff0c\u88ab\u540c\u4f34\u6392\u65a5\u3002\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u6210\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u6027\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e72\u9884\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\u4e3a\u53d7\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f4\u63a5\u652f\u6301\uff1b\u540c\u4f34\u652f\u6301\uff1b\u793e\u4ea4\u548c\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6280\u80fd\u57f9\u517b\uff1b\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bfe\u5802\u793e\u533a\u5bf9\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u91c7\u53d6\u5168\u793e\u533a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u590d\u548c\u9884\u9632\u3002 <\/p>\n

     <\/h2>\n

    \u51c6\u5907\u8499\u53f0\u68ad\u5229\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u9884\u9632\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u6b3a\u51cc\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n